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Glucagon-like peptide-1 responses to carbohydrate, fat and protein in rats during the development of diet-induced obesity and the role of the distal small intestine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2025

Anri Sano ,
Satomi Tanaka ,
Kurumi Yanagihara ,
Yasuko Sakihama  and
Tohru Hira Open the ORCID record for Tohru Hira [Opens in a new window]
Anri Sano
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Satomi Tanaka
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Kurumi Yanagihara
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Yasuko Sakihama
Affiliation:
Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Tohru Hira*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
*
Corresponding author: Tohru Hira; Email: hira@eis.hokudai.ac.jp
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Abstract

The secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is stimulated by luminal nutrients after meal ingestion. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) may affect nutrient-induced GLP-1 secretion in humans and rodent models. We previously demonstrated that mixed meal-induced GLP-1 secretion is enhanced in rats with DIO compared with normal rats. However, it is unclear to which nutrient the GLP-1 secretion is adaptively enhanced or reduced during the development of DIO. The present study investigated the effect of obesity on the GLP-1 secretion to individual nutrients and further on GLP-1 secretory functions of the proximal and distal small intestine in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with sucrose solution (HFS) for 4–5 weeks. GLP-1 responses to a single oral administration of a liquid diet, dextrin, soyabean oil or whey protein were examined after 4 weeks of dietary intervention. In addition, a liquid diet was administered to the proximal or distal small intestine of anaesthetised rats (control or HFS), and GLP-1 levels in the portal vein plasma were measured. In HFS-fed rats, GLP-1 secretion to dextrin, soyabean oil and whey protein slightly increased compared with those in normal rats. Furthermore, the GLP-1 response to liquid diet administration into the lumen was greater in the distal, but not proximal, small intestine of HFS-fed rats than that in control rats. In rats with DIO, GLP-1 secretion increased, regardless of the type of nutrient. Furthermore, the distal small intestine is responsible for adaptive enhancement of the GLP-1 secretion.

Keywords

GLP-1NutrientsDiet-induced obesityIleum

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 134 , Issue 3 , 14 August 2025 , pp. 186 - 194
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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