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War, mental health and the emergence of ‘geopsychiatry’

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2025

Hussien Elkholy*
Affiliation:
Clinical Lecturer in Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
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Abstract

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Type
Editorial
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists

It is almost impossible to watch the news nowadays without hearing a mention of a devastating situation somewhere on the globe. Whether due to natural disasters or man-made, the focus has been expanding over the past few years beyond physical consequences and infrastructural damage, to include also the profound psychological impact on mental health. Forced displacement, conflict-related trauma and chronic uncertainty contribute to the mental health burden among affected populations and the services dealing with it.Reference Elkholy, Tay Wee Teck, Arunogiri, Asaad, Baessler and Bhad1

Recently, ‘geopsychiatry’ emerged as a new subdiscipline in psychiatry, focusing on geopolitical factors and their effect on the mental health of individuals and communities. This includes political, geographical, commercial, cultural, economic and other factors that are often ignored in the context of causation of psychiatric disorders and deserve much better recognition in research, healthcare provision and policy-making.Reference Anantapong, Moura, Udomratn, Persaud, Javed and Ramachandran2,Reference Bhugra3

In the current issue we have two articles that fall into the domain of geopsychiatry. Forcibly displaced people have often been exposed to or have witnessed significant violence and abuse and experienced homelessness, loss of belongings, separation from family and friends, social and economic hardships, poor nutrition and lack of healthcare in their countries of origin, during transit and on resettlement.Reference Horyniak, Melo, Farrell, Ojeda and Strathdee4 The article by Lashwood et al explores the impact and the care needs of the increasing numbers of asylum seekers from the perspective of crisis mental health services, focusing on a crisis assessment and home treatment team in London, UK.Reference Lashwood, Toynbee, Hillier and Tracy5 The authors highlight factors that can affect asylum seekers’ access to services, including awareness, cultural attitudes to mental illness and treatments, and concerns about confidentiality, trust and impact on any asylum claim. They also consider service-based barriers, such as availability of culturally and linguistically informed information.

On the other hand, Farouki et al discuss a different approach, showcasing the experience of a tripartite international collaboration aimed at improving mental health services at the site of conflict.Reference Farouki, Dabbagh, Braithwaite, Jabr, Raboczki and Agarwal6 The article discusses the need for a collective and systemic approach that emphasises partnership, local ownership and sustainability in developing and implementing mental health strategies to address the long-standing difficulties faced by mental health services in Palestine and exacerbated by the political conflict.

These two articles, among others in the current issue, demonstrate efforts in different countries to improve mental health services. I hope you find this issue informative.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Declaration of interest

H.E. is a member of the BJPsych International editorial board and did not take part in the review or decision-making process of this paper.

References

Elkholy, H, Tay Wee Teck, J, Arunogiri, S, Asaad, MR, Baessler, F, Bhad, R, et al. Substance use disorders among forcibly displaced people: a narrative review. Curr Addict Rep 2023; 10: 341–52.10.1007/s40429-023-00467-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anantapong, K, Moura, HF, Udomratn, P, Persaud, A, Javed, A, Ramachandran, P, et al. Geopsychiatry: climate change, migration, and mental health. Ind Psychiatry J 2024; 33(suppl 1): s25760.10.4103/ipj.ipj_33_24CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhugra, D. Welcome to the very first issue of the new journal Geopsychiatry. Geopsychiatry 2025; 1: 100001.10.1016/j.geopsy.2025.100001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horyniak, D, Melo, JS, Farrell, RM, Ojeda, VD, Strathdee, SA. Epidemiology of substance use among forced migrants: a global systematic review. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0159134.10.1371/journal.pone.0159134CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lashwood, H, Toynbee, M, Hillier, B, Tracy, D. Impact of the increased asylum seeker population on a UK mental health crisis service. BJPsych Int [Epub ahead of print] 14 Mar 2025. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2025.6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farouki, L, Dabbagh, N, Braithwaite, R, Jabr, S, Raboczki, A, Agarwal, V, et al. An international initiative to improve mental healthcare in Palestine through a tripartite collaboration. BJPsych Int [Epub ahead of print] 13 May 2025. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1192/bji.2025.8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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