Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-m259h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-11T17:15:02.984Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sensation seeking: A clarification, a caveat, and a conjecture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Richard J. Katz
Richard J. Katz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. 21218
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 7 , Issue 3 , September 1984 , pp. 443
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Acheson, A. L. & Zigmond, M. J. (1982) Short-term activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in residual noradrenergic nerve terminals after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 8: 757. [DER]Google Scholar
Ahlskog, J. E. & Hoebel, B. G. (1973) Overeating and obesity from damage to a noradrenergic system in the brain. Science 182: 166–69. [JP, taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amaral, D. G. & Foss, J. A. (1975) Locus coeruleus lesions and learning. Science 190: 399–401. [STM]Google Scholar
Anisman, H. (1978) Neurochemical changes elicited by stress. In: Psychopharmacology of aversively motivated behavior, ed. Anisman, H. & Bigam, G.. Plenum Press. [RWJN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aston-Jones, G. & Bloom, F. E. (1981) Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience 8: 887–900. [STM, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Back, K. W. & Glasgow, M. (1981) Social networks and psychological conditions in diet preferences: Gourmets and vegetarians. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2: 1–9. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, J. D. & Baldwin, J. I. (1981a) Behavior principles in everyday life. Prentice-Hall. [JDB]Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. D. & Baldwin, J. I. (1981b) Beyond sociobiology. Elsevier. [JDB]Google Scholar
Ball, I. L., Farnill, D. & Wangeman, J. (1983) Factorial invariance across sex of the form V of the Sensation-Seeking Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45: 1156–59. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballenger, J. C, Post, R. M. & Goodwin, F. K. (in press) Neurochemistry of cerebrospinal fluid in normal individuals: Relationship between biological and psychological variables. In: The neurobiohgy of cerebrospinal fluid, vol. 2, ed. Wood, J. H.. Plenum Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Ballenger, J. C., Post, R. M., Jimerson, D. C, Lake, C. R., Murphy, D. L., Zuckerman, M. & Cronin, C. (1983) Biochemical correlates of personality traits in normals: An exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 615–25. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballenger, J. C, Post, R. M., Jimerson, D. C., Lake, C. R. & Zuckerman, M. (1984) Neurobiological correlates of depression and anxiety in normal individuals. In: Neurobiology of mood disorders, ed. Post, R. M. & Ballenger, J. C.. Williams & Wilkens. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1969) Principles of behavior modification. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [JDB]Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1971) Psychological modeling: Conflicting theories. Aldine-Athcrton. [JDB]Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977) Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Barratt, E. (1959) Anxiety and impulsiveness related to psychomotor efficiency. Perceptual and Motor Skills 9: 191–98. [ESB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barratt, E. (1972) Anxiety and impulsiveness: Toward a neuropsychological model. In: Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research, vol. 1, ed. Spiclberger, C.. Academic Press. [ESB]Google Scholar
Barratt, E. (1983) The biological basis of impulsiveness: The significance of timing and rhythm disorders. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 387–91. [ESB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barratt, E. (in press) Impulsiveness defined within a systems model of personality. In Advances in personality assessment, vol. 5, ed. Spielberger, C. & Butcher, J.. Erlbaum. [ESB]Google Scholar
Barratt, E. S. & Patton, J. H. (1983) Impulsivity: Cognitive, behavioral, and psychophysiological correlates. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Erlbaum. [ESB, tarMZ]Google Scholar
Bazylevich, T. F. (1974) The expression of strength of the regulative brain system in the dynamics of the somatosensory evoked potentials. In: Problems of differential psychophysiology, vol. 8, ed. Nebylitsyn, V. D.. Nauka (in Russian). [JS]Google Scholar
Becker, R. E., Giambalvo, C., Fox, R. A. & Macho, M. (1983) Endogenous inhibitors of monoamine oxidase present in human cerebrospinal fluid. Science 221: 476–78. [ESB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, D. S. & Trethowan, W. J. (1961) Amphetamine addiction and disturbed sexuality. Archives of General Psychiatry 4: 74–78. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedetti, M. S. & Keane, P. E. (1980) Differential changes in monoamine oxidase A and B activity in the aging rat brain. Journal of Neurochemistry 35: 1026–32. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benkert, O. (1969) Measurement of hyperactivity in rats in a dose-response-curve after intrahypothalamic norepinephrine injection. Life Sciences 8: 943–48. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, E. L., Rosenzweig, M. R. & Wu, S. Y. C. (1973) Excitant and depressant drugs modulate effects of environment on brain weight and cholinesterases. Psychopharmocologia (Berlin) 33: 309–28. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger, D. B., Herve, A., Dolphin, C., Barthelemy, M. & Tassin, J. P. (1979) Genetically determined differences in noradrenergic input to the brain cortex. A histochemical and biochemical study in two inbred strains of mice. Neuroscience 4: 877–88. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlyne, D. E. (1960) Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. McGraw-Hill. [JFW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlyne, D. E. (1971) Aesthetics and psychobiology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Bernard, B. K., Finkelstein, E. R. & Everett, G. M. (1975) Alterations in mouse aggressive behavior and brain monoamine dynamics as a function of age. Physiology and Behavior 15: 731–36. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernstein, A. S., Taylor, K., Austen, B. G., Nathanson, M. & Scarpelli, A. (1971) Orienting response and apparent movement toward or away from the observer. Journal of Experimental Psychology 87: 37–45. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beyts, J., Frcka, G. & Martin, I. (1983) The influence of psychoticism and extraversion on classical eyelid conditioning using a paraorbital shock UCS. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 275–83. [RMS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birchall, P. M. A. & Claridge, G. S. (1979) Augmenting-reducing of the visual evoked potential as a source of changes in skin conductance level. Psychophysiology 16: 482–90. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackburn, R. (1978) Cardiovascular correlates of psychopathy. In: Psychopathic behaviour: Approaches to research, ed. Hare, R. D. & Schalling, D.. Wiley. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Bolles, R. C. (1970) Species specific defense reactions and avoidance learning. Psychological Review 71: 32–48. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bone, R. N., Cowling, L. W. & Choban, M. C. (1974) Seeking and volunteering for experiments. Unpublished communication. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Bone, R. N., Montgomery, D. D. & McAllister, D. S. (1973) The relationship between sensation seeking, sex, family size and birth order. Manuscript. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Bovet, D. (1977) Strain differences in learning in the mouse. In: Genelics, environment and intelligence, ed. Oliverio, A.. Elsevier/North Holland. [VAE, taMZ]Google Scholar
Bozarth, M. A. & Wise, R. A. (1981) Heroin reward is dependent on a dopaminergic substrate. Life Sciences 29: 1881–86. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadhurst, P. L. (1975) The Maudsley reactive and non-reactive strains of rats: A survey. Behavior Genetics 5: 299–319. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brodie, B. B. & Shore, P. A. (1957) A concept for a role of serotonin and norepinephrine as chemical mediators in the brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 66: 631–42. [RJK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brody, J. F. (1970) Behavioral effects of serotonin depletion and of p-chlorophenylalanine (a serotonin deplctor) in rats. Psychopharmacologia 17: 14–33. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broekkamp, C. L. E., Phillips, A. G. & Cools, A. R. (1979) Stimulant effects of enkephalin microinjection into the dopaminergic A10 area. Nature 278: 560–62. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broverman, D. M., Klaiber, E. L., Kobayashi, Y. & Vogel, W. (1968) Roles of activation and inhibition in sex differences in cognitive abilities. Psychological Review 75: 23–50. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruneau, N., Roux, S., Barthelemy, C., Jouve, J. & Garreau, B. (1983) Frontal reducing, sensorial conditioning and dopaminergic metabolism. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Event Related Potentials of the Brain, Florence. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. In press. [EC]Google Scholar
Buchsbaum, M. S. (1971) Neural events and the psychophysical law. Science 172: 502. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchsbaum, M. S. (1974) Average evoked response and stimulus intensity in identical and fraternal twins. Physiological Psychology 2: 365–70. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchsbaum, M. S. (1976) Self-regulation of stimulus intensity: Augmenting-reducing and the average evoked potential. In: Consciousness and self-regulation, vol. 1, ed. Schwartz, G. E. & Shapiro, D.. Plenum Press. [EC, JS, rMZ]Google Scholar
Buchsbaum, M. S. (1978) Neurophysiological studies of reduction and augmentation. In: Individuality in pain and suffering, ed. Petrie, A.. 2d ed.University of Chicago Press. [JS]Google Scholar
Buchsbaum, M. S., Goodwin, F. K. & Muscettola, G. (1981) Urinary MHPG, stress response, personality factors and somatosensory evoked potentials in normal subjects and patients with affective disorders. Neuropsychobiology 7: 212–24. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchsbaum, M. S. & Haier, R. J. (1983) Psychopathology: Biological approaches. Annual Review of Psychology 34: 401–30. [RJH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchsbaum, M. S., Landau, S., Murphy, D. L. & Goodwin, F. (1973) Average evoked response in bipolar and unipolar affective disorders: Relationship to sex, age of onset, and monoamine oxidase. Biological Psychiatry 7: 199–212. [taMZ]Google ScholarPubMed
Buchsbaum, M. S. & Pfefferbaum, A. (1971) Individual differences in stimulus-intensity response. Psychophysiology 8: 600–611. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buehsbaum, M. S., & Silverman, J. (1968) Stimulus intensity control and the cortical evoked response. Psychosomatic Medicine 30: 12–22. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunney, W. E. Jr, & Davis, J. M. (1965) Norepinephrine in depressive reactions. Archives of General Psychiatry 13: 483–94. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buss, A. H. (1982) Self-consciousness and social anxiety. W. H. Freeman. [CEI]Google Scholar
Buss, A. H. & Plomin, R. (1975) A temperament theory of personality development. Wiley. [CEI, taMZ]Google Scholar
Carll, L. R. (1980) Assertiveness: A construct validity study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Carlton, P. L. & Advokat, C. (1973) Attenuated habituation due to parachlorophenylalanine. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1: 657–63. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrol, E. N. & Zuckerman, M. (1977) Psychopathology and sensation seeking in “downers,” “speeders,” and “trippers”: A study of the relationship between personality and drug choice. International Journal of Addictions 12: 591–601. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrol, E. N., Zuckerman, M. & Vogel, W. H. (1982) A test of the optimal level of arousal theory of sensation seeking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42: 572–75. [LvK, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattell, R. B. (1965) The scientific analysis of personality. Penguin. [JRR]Google Scholar
Cattell, R. B. (1982) The inheritance of personality and ability: Research findings and methods. Academic Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Cattell, R. B. & Scheier, I. H. (1961) The meaning and measurement of ncuroticism and anxiety. Ronald Press. [RWJN]Google Scholar
Chamove, A. S., Eysenck, H. J. & Harlow, H. F. (1972) Personality in monkeys: Factor analyses of Rhesus social behavior. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 24: 496–504. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charney, D. S., Heninger, G. R. & Redmond, D. E. Jr, (1983) Yohimbineinduced anxiety and increased noradrenergic functions in humans: Effects of diazepam and clonidine. Life Sciences 33: 19–29. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Claridge, G. S. (1967) Personality and arousal. Pergamon Press. [GC, rMZ]Google Scholar
Clavier, R. M. & Fibiger, H. C. (1977) On the role of ascending catecholaminergic projections in intracranial self-stimulation of the substantia nigra. Brain Research 131: 271–86. [RMC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clavier, R. M., Fibiger, H. C. & Phillips, A. G. (1976) Evidence that self-stimulation of the region of the locus coeruleus in rats does not depend upon noradrenergic projections to telencephalon. Brain Research 113: 71–81. [RMC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clavier, R. M. & Gerfen, C. R. (1982) Intracranial self-stimulation in the thalamus of the rat. Brain Research Bulletin 8: 353–58. [RMC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clavier, R. M. & Wen, D. (1982) Intracranial self-stimulation from the amygdala of the rat: The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced depletion; of catecholamines at the site of stimulation. Neuroscience Abstracts, p. 898. [RMC]Google Scholar
Como, P. (1984) The relationships among orienting and defensive reflexes, augmenting-reducing of the cortical evoked potential and disinhibitory sensation seeking. Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware. [tarMZ]Google Scholar
Connor, R. L., Stolk, J. M., Barchas, J. D. & Levine, S. (1970) Parachlorophenylalanine and habituation to repetitive auditory startlestimuli in rats. Physiology and Behavior 5: 1215–19. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, P. T. Jr, McCrae, R. R. & Arcnberg, D. (1980) Enduring dispositions in adult males. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38: 793–800. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costello, C. G. (1970) Symptoms of psychopathology: A handbook. Wiley. [RWJN]Google Scholar
Coursey, R. D., Buchsbaum, M. S. & Frankel, B. L. (1975) Personality measures and evoked responses in chronic insomniacs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84: 239–49. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coursey, R. D., Buchsbaum, M. S. & Murphy, D. L. (1979) MAO activity and evoked potentials in the identification of subjects biologically at risk for psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 134: 372–81. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, D. N. (1977) Psyehophysiological correlates of sensation seeking and socialization during reduced stimulation. Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Crawley, J. N., Roth, R. H. & Maas, J. W. (1979) Locus eoeruleus stimulation increases noradrenergic metabolite levels in rat spinal cord. Brain Research 166: 180–84. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J. (1977) Neurotransmitter-related pathways: The structure and function of central monoamine neurons. In: Biochemical correlates of brain structure and function, ed. Davison, A. N.. Academic Press. [RMC, taMZ]Google Scholar
Crow, T. J., Deakin, J. F. W., File, S. E., Longden, A. & Wendlandt, S. (1978) The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system – evidence against a role in attention, habituation, anxiety and motor activity. Brain Research 155: 249–61. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daitzman, R. J. & Zuckennan, M. (1980) Disinhibitory sensation seeking, personality and gonadal hormones. Personality and Individual Differences 1: 103–10. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daitzman, R. J., Zuckennan, M., Sammelwitz, P. H. & Ganjam, V. (1978) Sensation seeking and gonadal hormones. Journal of Biosocial Science 10: 401–8. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, C., Cowles, M. & Kohn, P. (1983) Strength of the nervous system and augmenting-reducing: Paradox lost. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 491–98. [RJH, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, M. & Astrachan, D. I. (1978) Conditioned fear and startle magnitude: Effects of different footshock or backshock intensities used in training. Journal of European Psychology 4: 95–103. [DER]Google ScholarPubMed
Davis, M., Cedarbaum, J. M., Aghajanian, G. K. & Gendelman, D. S. (1977) Effects of clonidine on habituation and sensitization of acoustic startle in normal, decerebrate, and locus coeruleus lesioned rats. Psychopharmacologia 51: 243–53. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, M., Redmond, D. E. Jr, & Baraban, J. M. (1979) Noradrenergic agonists and antagonists: Effects on conditioned fear as measured by the potentiated startle paradigm. Psychopharmacologia 65: 111–18. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, M. & Sheard, M. H. (1974) Habituation and sensitization of the rat startle response: Effects of raphe lesions. Physiology and Behavior 12: 425–31. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, N. M. (1979) The role of serotonergic and other mechanisms in behavioral responses to punishment. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford. [taMZ]Google Scholar
DeFries, J. C, Gervais, M. C. & Thomas, E. A. (1978) Response to 30 generations of selection for open-field activity in laboratory mice. Behavior Genetics 8: 3–13. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demisch, L., Georgi, K., Patzke, B., Demisch, K. & Bochnik, J. (1982) Correlation of blood platelet MAO activity with introversion: A study on a German rural population. Psychiatry Research 6: 303–11. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeNelsky, G. Y. & Denenberg, V. H. (1967) Infantile stimulation and adult exploratory behaviour in the rat. Effects of handling upon visual variation-seeking. Animal Behaviour 15: 568–73. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denney, R. M., Fritz, R. R., Patel, N. T. & Abell, C. W. (1982) Human liver MAO-A and MAO-B separated by immuno-affinity chromatography with MAO-B specific monoclonal activity. Science 215: 1400–1403. [ESB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diaz, J., Ellison, G. & Masuoka, D. (1974) Opposed behavioral syndromes in rats with partial and more complete serotonergic lesions made with 5, 6-dihydroxytryptamine. Psychopharmacologia 37: 67–79. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobson, K. & Neufeld, R. W. J. (1981) Sources of differential stress response associated with psychometrically designated anxiety proneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40: 951–61. [RWJN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Driscoll, P. & Bätig, K. (1982) Behavioral, emotional and nenrochemical profiles of rats selected for extreme differences in active, two-way avoidance performance. In: Genetics of the brain, ed. Lieblich, I.. Elsevier. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. & Ellsworth, P. (1972) Emotion in the human face: Guidelines for research and an integration of findings. Pergamon Press. [CEI]Google Scholar
Eleftheriou, B. E. (1974) A gene influencing hypothalamic norepincphrinc levels in mice. Brain Research 70: 538–40. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, M. J. (1973) Why people play. Prentice-Hall. [JDB]Google Scholar
Ellison, G. D. (1977) Animal models of psychopathology: The low-norepinephrine and low-serotonin rat. American Psychologist 32: 1036–45. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellison, G. D. (1979) Animal models of psychopathology: Studies in naturalistic colony environments. In: Psychopathology in animals, ed. Keegan, J. D.. Academic Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Emmons, T. D. & Webb, W. W. (1974) Subjective correlates of emotional responsivity and stimulation seeking in psychopaths, normals, and acting-out neurotics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42: 620–25. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eterović, V. A. & Ferchmin, P. A. (1974) Interaction of environment and injections on brain weight in rats. Developmental Psychobiology 7: 515–17. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eysenck, H. J. (1963) Experiments with drugs. Pergamon Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1967) The biological basis of personality. Charles C. Thomas. [GC, RWJN, tarMZ]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1970a) A dimensional system of psychodiagnostics. In: New approaches to personality classification, ed. Mahrer, A. R.. Columbia University Press. [RWJN]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1970b) The structure of human personality. Methuen. [JRR]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1973) Handbook of abnormal psychology. Knapp. [RWJN]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1976) Sex and personality. University of Texas Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1981) General features of the model. In: A model for personality, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. Springer-Verlag. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1983) A biometrical-genetical analysis of impulsive and sensation seeking behavior. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, ed. Zuckennan, M.. Erlbaum. [HJE, tarMZ]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, M. W. (1984) Personality and individual differences. Plenum Press. [HJE, rMZ]Google Scholar
Eysenck, S. B. G. & Eysenck, H. J. (1977) The place of impulsiveness in a dimensional system of personality description. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 16: 57–68. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, S. B. G. & Zuckennan, M. (1978) The relationship between sensation seeking and Eysenck's dimensions of personality. British Journal of Psychology 69: 483–87. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farley, F. H. (1973) Implications for a theory of deliquency. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal. [JS, taMZ]Google Scholar
Feij, J. A., Orlebeke, J. F., Gazendam, A. & van Zuilen, R. (in press) Sensation seeking: Measurement and psyehophysiological correlates. In: The Biological foundations of personality and behavior, ed. Farley, F. M. & Gale, A.. Hemisphere Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Ferchmin, P. A., Eterović, V. A. & Levin, L. E. (1980) Genetic learning deficiency does not hinder environment-dependent brain growth. Physiology and Behavior 24: 45–50. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
File, S. E. (1975) Effects of parachlorophenylalanine and amphetamine on habitnation of orienting. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 3: 979–83. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
File, S. E. & Hyde, J. R. G. (1978) Can social interaction be used to measure anxiety? British journal of Pharmacology 62: 19–24. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
File, S. E. & Vellucci, S. V. (1978) Studies on the role of ACTH and of 5-HT in anxiety, using an animal model. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 30: 105–10. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fowler, H. (1965) Curiosity and exploratory behavior. Macmillan Co. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1948) Beyond the pleasure principle. 1st ed. 1922. Hogarth. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Fromm, E. (1973) The anatomy of human aggressiveness. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Fulker, D. W., Eysenck, S. B. C. & Zuckerman, M. (1980) The genetics of sensation seeking. Journal of Personality Research 14: 261–81. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gale, A. (1981) EEG studies of extraversion-introversion: What's the next step? In: Dimensions of personality: Papers in honour of H. J. Eysenck, ed. Lynn, R.. Pcrgamon Press. [HJE, taMZ]Google Scholar
Gale, A., Spratt, G., Chapman, A. J. & Sniallbone, A. (1975) EEG correlates of eye contact and interpersonal distance. Biological Psychology 3: 237–45. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia-Sevilla, S. (1984) Extraversion and neuroticism in rats. Personality and Individual Differences. In press. [HJE, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrick, N. A. & Murphy, D. L. (1980) Species differences in the deamination of monoamine oxidase in brain. Psychophannacology 72: 27–33. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gattaz, W. F. & Beckmann, H. (1981) Platelet MAO activity and personality characteristics: A study in schizophrenic patients and normal individuals. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 63: 479–85. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerfen, C. R. & Clavier, R. M. (1981) Sulcal prefrontal self-stimulation: Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine or kainic acid lesions at the site of stimulation. Brain Research 224: 291–304. [RMC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gershon, E. S., Kessler, L. R. & Bunney, W. E. Jr, (1977) Monoamineenzymes and inhibitors in affective illness. In: Structure and function of monoamine enzymes, ed. Usdin, E., Weiner, N. & Youdim, M. B. H.. Dekker. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Gessa, G. L. & Tagliamonte, A. (1974) Role of brain monoamines in male sexual behavior. Life Sciences 14: 425–36. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gessa, G. L. & Tagliamonte, A. (1975) Role of brain serotonin and dopamine in male sexual behavior. In: Sexual behavior: Pharmacology and biochemistry, ed. Sandier, M. & Gessa, G. L.. Raven Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Geyer, M. A., Puerto, A., Menkes, D. B., Segal, D. S. & Mandell, A. J. (1976) Behavioral studies following lesions of the mesolimbic and mesostriatal serotonergic pathways. Brain Research 106: 257–70. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, A. M. & Silbergeld, E. K. (1977) Animal models of hyperactivity. In: Animal models in psychiatry and neurology, ed. Hanin, I. & Usdin, E.. Pergamon Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Goldman, D., Kohn, P. M. & Hunt, R. W. (1983) Sensation seeking, augmenting–reducing and absolute auditory threshold: A strength-of-the-nervous-system perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45: 405–11. [RJH, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldsmith, H. H. & Campos, J. J. (1982) Toward a theory of infant temperament. In: The development of attachment and affiliative systems, ed. Emde, R. N. & Harmon, R. J.. Plenum Press. [CEI]Google Scholar
Goodman, N. (1972) Seven strictures on similarity. In: Problems and projects. Bobbs-Merrill Co. [AC]Google Scholar
Graham, F. K. (1979) Distinguishing among orienting, defensive, and startle reflexes. In: The orienting reflex in humans, ed. Kimmel, H. D., van Olst, E. H. & Orlebeke, J. F.. Erlbaum. [RMS, taMZ]Google Scholar
Grant, S. J., Huang, Y. H. & Redmond, D. E. Jr, (1980) Benzodiazepines attenuate single unit activity in the locus coeruleus. Life Sciences 27: 2231–37. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A., ed. (1964) Pavlov's typology. Pergamon Press. [JAG, rMZ]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1967) Strength of the nervous system, introversion-extraversion, conditionability, and arousal. Behaviour Research and Therapy 5: 151–69. [JAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1970) Strength of the nervous system, introversion-extraversion, conditionability, and arousal. In: Reading? in extroversion-introversion: Theoretical and methodological issues, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. Staples. [RWJN]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1971) The psychology of fear and stress. McGraw-Hill. [RWJN]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1973) Causa] theories of personality and how to test them. In: Multivariate analysis and psychological theory, ed. Royce, J. R.. Academic Press. [AC, taMZ]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1979) Emotionality in male and female rodents: A reply to Archer. British journal of Psychology 70: 425–40. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1981) A critique of Eysenck's theory of personality. In: A model for personality, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. Springer. [GC, JAG]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1982) The ncuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampat system. Oxford University Press. [STM, tarMZ]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1983a) Discussion of papers presented at the Workshop on Individual Differences. Eleventh annual meeting of the Psychophysiology Society, London. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1983b) Where should we search for biologically based dimensions of personality? Zeitschrift fur Differenticlle und Diagnostische Psychologic 4: 165–76. [tarMZ]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A., Owen, S., Davis, N. & Eleftheria, T. (1983) Psychological and physiological relations between anxiety and impulsivity. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Erlbaum [taMZ]Google Scholar
Griffith, J. D., Cavanaugh, J. H. & Oates, J. A. (1970) Psychosis induced by the administration of d-amphetamine to human volunteers. In Psychotomimetic drugs, ed. Efron, D. H.. Raven Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1967) The nature of human intelligence. McGraw-Hill. [JRR]Google Scholar
Gulwein, B. M. & Fishbein, W. (1980) Paradoxical sleep and memory (I): Selective alteration following enriched and impoverished environmental rearing. Brain Research Bulletin 5: 9–12. [VAE]Google Scholar
Haber, S. B. & Friedman, R. (1979) Psychobiology of experimental hypertension: Evaluation of the Dahl selected rat lines. Behavior Genetics 9: 454 (abstract). [ECS]Google Scholar
Haier, R. J., Buchsbaum, M. S., Murphy, D. L., Gottesman, I. I. & Coursey, R. D. (1980) Psychiatric vulnerability, monoamine oxidase, and the average evoked potential. Archives of General Psychiatry 37: 340–45. [GC, RJH, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haier, R. J., Robinson, D. L., Braden, W. & Williams, D. (1984) Evoked potential augmenting-reducing and personality differences. Personality and Individual Differences. 5: 293–301. [RJH, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, R. A., Rappaport, M., Hopkins, H. K. & Griffin, R. B. (1970) Evoked response and behavior in cats. Science 170: 998–1000. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, R. D. (1975) Psychopathy. In: Research in psychophysiology, ed. Venables, P. H. & Christie, M. J.. Wiley. [RMS]Google Scholar
Hebb, D. O. (1955) Drives and the CNS (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review 62: 243–54. [RMC, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helson, H. (1964) Adaptation-level theory: An experimental and systematic approach to behavior. Harper. [JP]Google Scholar
Hinde, R. A., Easton, D. F., Meller, R. E. & Tamplin, A. M. (1982) Temperament and behavior. In: Temperamental differences in infants and young children, ed. Porter, R. & Collins, G. M.. Pitman. [CEI]Google Scholar
Hocking, J. & Robertson, M. (1969) The Sensation Seeking Scale as a predictor of need for stimulation during sensory restriction. Journal of Constdting and Clinical Psychology 33: 367–69. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoebel, B. G. (1979) Hypothalamic self-stimulation and stimulation escape in relation to feeding and mating. Federation Proceedings 33: 2454–61. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Holmberg, G. & Gershon, S. (1961) Autonomic and psychiatric effects of yohimbine hydrochloride. Psychophannacologia 2: 93–106. [DER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Y. H. (1979) Net effect of acute administration of desipramine on the locus eoeruleus-hippocampal system. Life Sciences 25: 739–46. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, Y. H., Maas, J. W. & Hu, G. H. (1980) The time course of noradrencrgic pre- and postsynaptic activity during chronic desipramine treatment. European Journal of Pharmacology 68: 41–47. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphreys, M. S. & Revelle, W. (in press) Personality, motivation, and performance. Psychological Review. [ESB]Google Scholar
Hyson, M. & Izard, C. (1984) Continuities and changes in emotion expressions during brief separation at 13 and 18 months of age. In preparation. [CEI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, D. K. & Corfman, T. P. (1980) An overview of neurobiological comparisons in mouse strains. Neuroscience and Biohehavioral Reviews 4: 421–35. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Izard, C. E. (1971) The face of emotion. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [CEI]Google Scholar
Izard, C, Kagan, J. & Zajonc, R. (1984) Emotions, cognition, and behavior. Cambridge University Press. [CEI]Google Scholar
Jencks, C. (1980) Heredity, environment, and public policy reconsidered. American Sociological Review 45: 723–36. [JDB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jimerson, D. C, Nurnberger, J. I., Post, R. M., Gershon, E. S. & Kopin, I. J. (1981) Plasma MHPG in rapid cyclers and healthy twins. Archives of General Psychiatry 36: 1287–90. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jimerson, D. C. & Post, R. M. (1984) Psychomotor stimulants and dopamine agonists in depression. In: Neuwbiology of mood disorders, ed. Post, R. M. & Ballenger, J. C.. Williams & Wilkins. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Jinks, J. L. & Fulker, D. W. (1970) Comparison of the biometrical genetical, MAVA, and the classical approaches to the analysis of human behavior. Psychological Bulletin 73: 311–49. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansson, F. (1982) Patients with chronic pain. A clinical, clinical-pharmacological and biochemical study. Umeå University Medical Dissertations, ns 87, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. [LvK]Google Scholar
Johansson, F., Almay, B. G. L., von Knorring, L., Terenius, L. & Åström, M. (1979) Personality traits in chronic pain patients related to endorphin. levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Psychiatry Research 1: 231–39. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johansson, F., von Knorring, L. & Oreland, L. (1983) Platelet MAO activity in patients with chronic pain syndromes. Medical Biology 61: 101–4. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Johansson, F., von Knorring, L., Sedvall, G. & Terenius, L. (1980) Changes in endorphins and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid as a result of treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (zimelidine) in chronic pain patients. Psychiatric Research 2: 167–72. [LvK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, A. (1966) Information deprivation in humans. In: Progress in experimental personality research, vol. 3, ed. Maher, B.. Academic Press. [JFW]Google Scholar
Jones, A. (1969) Stimulus-seeking behavior. In: Sensory deprivation: Fifteen years of research, ed. Zubek, J. P.. Appleton-Century. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Joyce, E. M. & Iversen, S. D. (1979) The effects of morphine applied locally to mesencephalic dopamine cell bodies on spontaneous motor activity in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 14: 207–12. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kales, A., ed. (1969) Physiology and pathology: A symposium. J. B. Lippincott Co. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Kasamatsu, T. & Pettigrew, J. D. (1979) Restoration of visual cortical plasticity by local microperfusion of norepinephrine. Journal of Comparative Neurology 185: 163–82. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, R. J. (1979) The temporal structure of reinforcement: An analysis of brain stimulated reward. Behavioral and Neural Biology 26: 416–30. [RJK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, R. J. (1980) The temporal structure of motivation II: Determinants of reinforcement patterns in the local organization of intracranial reward. Behavioral and Neural Biology 28: 463–472. [RJK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, R. J. & Watson, J. (1983) Adrenergic basis of incentive motivation: Evidence from neurotoxic lesions. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 9: 979. [RJK]Google Scholar
Kish, G. B. (1973) A two factor theory of sensation seeking. Paper presented. at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Kish, G. B. & Donnenwerth, G. V. (1972) Sex differences in the correlates of sensation seeking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 38: 42–49. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kish, G. B., Frankel, A., Masters, J. J. & Berry, R. A. (1976) Augmenting-reducing and sensation seeking: A test of Sales' hypothesis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 32: 302–5. [rMZ]3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiyono, S., Seo, M. L. & Shibagaki, M. (1981) Effects of rearing environments upon sleep-waking parameters in rats. Physiology and Behavior 26: 391–94. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klaiber, E. L., Broverman, D. M., Vogel, W. & Kobayashi, Y. (1979) Estrogen therapy for severe persistent depressions in women. Archives of General Psychiatry 36: 550–54. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
von Knorring, L. (1981) Visual averaged evoked responses and platelet monoamine oxidase in patients suffering from alcoholism. In: The biological effects of alcohol, ed. Begleiter, H.. Plenum Press. [tarMZ]Google Scholar
von Knorring, L. (1982) Effect of imipramine and zimelidine on the augmenting-reducing response of visual evoked potentials in healthy volunteers. Advances in Biological Psychiatry 9: 81–86. [LvK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Knorring, L. & Johansson, F. (1980) Changes in the augmenter-reducer tendency and in pain measures as a result of treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor – zimelidine. Neuropsychohiology 6: 313–18. [LvK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
von Knorring, L., Oreland, L. & Winblad, B. (1983) Personality traits related to monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in platelets. Submitted for publication. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Knorring, L. & Perris, C. (1981) Biochemistry of the augmenting-reducing response in visual evoked potentials. Neuropsychobiology 7: 1–8. [LvK, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohn, P. M., Hunt, R. W., Davis, C. A. & Cowles, M. P. (1982) Volunteering in principle, volunteering in fact, and experience seeking. Psychological Record 32: 205–13. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Koob, G. F., Kelley, A. F. & Mason, S. T. (1978) Locus eoeruleus lesions: Learning and extinction. Physiology and Behavior 20: 709–16. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koslow, S. H., Maas, J. W., Bowden, C. L., Davis, J. M., Hannin, I. & Javaid, J. (1983) CSF and urinary biogenic amines and metabolites in depression and mania: A controlled, univariate analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry 40: 999–1010. [DER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kostowski, W., Giacalone, E., Garattini, S. & Valzelli, L. (1968) Studies on behavioral and biochemical changes in rats after lesion of midbrain raphe. European Journal of Pharmacology 4: 371–76. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kostrzewa, R. M. & Jacobowitz, D. M. (1974) Pharmacological actions of 6-hydroxydopamine. Pharmacological Reviews 26: 199–288. [DER]Google ScholarPubMed
Kretschmer, E. (1925) Physique and character. Trans. Sprott, W. J. H.. Kegan, Trench and Trubner. [GC]Google Scholar
Kurtz, J. P. & Zuckerman, M. (1978) Race and sex differences on the sensation seeking scales. Psychological Reports 43: 529–30. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacey, J. I. (1959) Psychophysiological approaches to the evaluation of psychotherapeutic process and outcome. In: Research in psychotherapy, ed. Rubenstein, E. A. & Parloff, M. B.. American Psychological Association. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Lake, C. R., Sternberg, D. E., van Kamen, D. P., Ballenger, J. C, Ziegler, M. G., Post, R. M., Kopin, I. J. & Bunney, W. E. (1980) Schizophrenia: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine. Science 207: 331–33. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, W. & Levy, L. H. (1972) Sensation seeking and short term sensory isolation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 24: 46–52. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langsdorf, P., Izard, C., Hembree, E. & Rayias, M. (1983) Interest expression, visual fixation and heart rate changes in 2- to 8-month-old infants. Developmental Psychology 19: 3375–86. [CEI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. S. (1966) Psychological stress and the coping process. McGraw-Hill. [JS]Google Scholar
Leconte, P. & Hennevin, E. (1981) Post-learning paradoxical sleep, reticular activation and noradrenergic activity. Physiology and Behavior 26: 587–94. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeFave, M. K. & Neufeld, R. W. J. (1980) Anticipatory threat and physical danger trait anxiety: A signal-detection analysis of effects on autonomic responding. Journal of Research in Personality 14: 283–306. [RWJN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leiblich, I. (1982) From a selection program on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation to a neurochemical metaphor for hedonic and emotional behavior. In: Genetics of the brain, ed. Leiblich, I.. Elsevier. [RJK]Google Scholar
Leverenz, K., Redmond, D. E. Jr, & Huang, Y. H. (1978) Suppression of feeding behavior in food deprived monkeys by locus eoeruleus stimulation. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 4(543): 177. [DER]Google Scholar
Lindsley, D. B. (1957) Psychophysiology and motivation. In: Nebraska symposium on motivation, vol. 5, ed. Jones, M. R.. University of Nebraska Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Litle, P. (1984) Sensation seeking and musical preferences. Manuscript. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Lorden, J., Oltmans, G. A. & Margules, D. L. (1976) Central noradrenergic neurons: Differential effects on body weight of electrolytic and 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 90: 144–55. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorens, S. A., Sorensen, J. P. & Yunger, L. M. (1971) Behavioral and neurochemical effects of lesions in the raphe system of the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 77: 48–52. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lukas, J. H. (1982) Human augmenting-reducing and sensation seeking. Psychophysiology 19: 333–34 (abstract). [tarMZ]Google Scholar
Lukas, J. H. & Siegel, J. (1977) Cortical mechanisms that augment or reduce evoked potentials in cats. Science 196: 73–75. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lykken, D. T. (1982) Research with twins: The concept of emergenesis. Psychophysiology 19: 361–73. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maas, J. W., & Leckman, J. F. (1983) Relationships between central nervous system noradrenergic function and plasma and urinary MHPS and other norepinephrine metabolites. In: MHPC: Basic mechanisms and psychopathology, ed. Maas, J. W.. Academic Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
McClearn, G. E. (1959) Genetics of mouse behavior in novel situations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 52: 62–67. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGaugh, J. L. (1976) Cognition and consolidation: In: Knowing, thinking and believing, ed. Petrinovich, L. & McGaugh, J. L.. Plenum Press. [VAE]Google Scholar
McGinnes, G. & Izard, C. (1984) Individual differences in infants' responses to separation. In preparation. [CEI]Google Scholar
McGrath, J. E., ed. (1970) Social and psychological factors in stress. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [JS]Google Scholar
Mantle, T. J., Garrett, N. J. & Tipton, K. F. (1976) The development of monoamine oxidase in rat liver and brain. FEBS Letters 64: 227– 30. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, N. G., Eaves, L. J. & Fulker, D. W. (1979) The genetical relationship of impulsiveness and sensation seeking to Eysenck's personality dimensions. Acta Med. Gemollol. 28: 197–210. [taMZ]Google ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. (1980) Noradrenaline and selective attention. A review of the model and the evidence. Life Sciences 27: 617–31. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. (1981) Noradrenaline in the brain: Progress in theories of behavioural function. Progress in Neurobiology 16: 263–303. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. (1983a) Catecholamines and behaviour. Cambridge University Prass. [STM]Google Scholar
Mason, S. T. (1983b) The nciirochemistry and pharmacology of extinction behavior. Neuroscicnce and Biobchavioral Reviews. In press. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979) Current concepts I. Anxiety: The locus coeruleus disconnection. Life Sciences 25: 2141–47. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Ivcrsen, S. D. (1975) Learning in the absence of forebrain noradrenaline. Nature 258: 422–24. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Ivcrsen, S. D. (1977a) Behavioral basis of the dorsal bundle extinction effect. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 7: 373–79. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Ivcrsen, S. D. (1977b) Effects of selective forebrain noradrenaline loss on behavioural inhibition in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91: 165–73. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Ivcrsen, S. D. (1977c) An investigation of the role of cortical and cerebellar noradrenaline in associative motor learning. Brain Research 134: 513–27. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Ivcrsen, S. D. (1978a) The dorsal noradrenergic bundle, extinction and nonreward. Physiology and Behavior 21: 1043–45. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Ivcrsen, S. D. (1978b) Reward, attention and the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Brain Research 150: 135–48. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Ivcrsen, S. D. (1979) Theories of the dorsal bundle extinction effect. Brain Research Reviews 1: 107–37. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, S. T., Roberts, D. C. S. & Fibiger, H. C. (1978) Noradrenaline and neophobia. Physiology and Behavior 21: 353–61. [STM, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mellstrom, M., Cicala, G. A. & Zuckerman, M. (1976) General versus specific trait anxiety measures in the prediction of fear of snakes, heights and darkness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 44: 83–91. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyerson, B. J., Palis, A. & Sietnieks, A. (1979) Hormones-monoamines interactions and sexual behavior. In: Endocrine control of sexual behavior, ed. Beyer, C.. Raven Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Michael, R. P. & Zumpe, D. (1978) Potency in male rhesus monkeys: Effects of continuously receptive females. Science 200: 451–53. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirmiran, M., Seholtens, J., Van de Poll, N. E., Uylings, H. B. M., van der Gugten, J. & Boer, G. J. (1983) Effects of experimental suppression of active (REM) sleep during early development upon adult brain and behavior in the rat. Developmental Brain Research 7: 277–86. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirmiran, M. & Uylings, H. B. M. (1983) The environmental enrichment effect upon cortical growth is neutralized by concomitant pharmacological suppression of active sleep in female rats. Brain Research 261: 331–34. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirmiran, M., Uylings, H. B. M. & Corner, M. A. (1983) Pharmacological suppression of REM sleep prior to weaning counteracts the effectiveness of subsequent environmental enrichment on cortical growth in rats. Developmental Brain Research 7: 102–5. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirmiran, M., Van den Dungen, H. & Uylings, H. B. M. (1982) Sleep patterns during rearing under different environmental conditions in juvenile rats. Brain Research 233: 287–98. [VAE]Google Scholar
Mischel, W. (1968) Personality and assessment. Wiley. [JDB]Google Scholar
Moissett, B. (1977) Factors contributing to the modulation of norepinephrine uptake by synaptosomes from mouse brain cortex. Brain Research 121: 113–20. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moissett, B., Hendley, E. D. & Welch, B. L. (1975) Norepinephrine uptake by cerebral synaptosomes of mouse: Strain differences. Brain Research 92: 157–64. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, A. H. & Hilgarde, E. R. (1972) The lack of retest reliability in individual differences in the kinesthetic aftereffect. Educational and Psychological Measurement 32: 871–78. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, D. L. (1973) Technical strategies for the study of catecholamines in man. In: Frontiers in catecholaminc research, ed. Usdin, E. & Snyder, S.. Pergamon Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Murphy, D. L. (1977) Animal models for mania. In: Animal models in psychiatry and neurology, ed. Hanin, I. & Usdin, E.. Pergamon Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Murphy, D. L., Belmaker, R. H., Buchsbaum, M. S., Martin, N. F., Ciaranello, R. & Wyatt, R. J. (1977) Biogenic amine related enzymes and personality variations in normals. Psychological Medicine 7: 149–57. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, D. L., Belmaker, R. & Wyatt, R. J. (1974) Monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia and other behavioral disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research 11: 221–47. [ESB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, D. L. & Weiss, R. (1972) Reduced monoamine oxidase activity in blood platelets from bipolar depressed patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 128: 1351–57. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, D. L., Wright, C., Buchsbaum, M. S., Nichols, A., Costa, J. L. & Wyatt, R. J. (1976) Platelet and plasma amine oxidase activity in 680 normals: Sex and age differences and stability over time. Biochemical Medicine 16: 254–65. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, T. I. & Eisner, E. (1974) An experimental evaluation of the effects of karate and meditation. Report no. 42800, the American Institutes for Research, Washington, D.C. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Neary, R. S. & Zuckerman, M. (1976) Sensation seeking, trait and state anxiety, and the electrodermal orienting reflex. Psychophysiology 13: 205– 11. [RMS, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nebylitsyn, V. D. (1972) Fundamental properties of the human nervous system. Plenum Press. [JAG, JS, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neufeld, R. W. J. & Herzog, H. (1983) Acquisition of probabilities in anticipatory appraisals of stress. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 1–7. [RWJN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nies, A., Robinson, D. S., Harris, L. S. & Lamborn, K. R. (1974) Comparison of monoamine oxidase substrate activities in twins, schizophrenics, depressives and controls. In: Neuropsychopharmacology of monoamines and their regulatory enzymes, ed. Usdin, E.. Raven Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Ogren, S. O. & Fuxe, K. (1977) On the role of brain noradrenaline and the pituitary-adrenal axis in avoidance learning. Neurosciencc Letters 5: 291–96. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olds, M. E. & Fobes, J. L. (1981) The central basis of motivation: Intracranial self-stimulation studies. In: Annual review of psychology, vol. 32, ed. Rosenzweig, M. R. & Porter, L. W.. Annual Reviews. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Oreland, L. (1980) Monoamine oxidase activity and affective illness. Ada Psychiatrica Scandinavica 61: 41. [LvK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oreland, L. & Fowler, C. (1982) Brain and platelet monoamine oxidase activities in relation to central monoaminergic activity in mice and man. Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series 564: 312–20. [LvK, rMZ]Google Scholar
Oreland, L., Wiberg, A., Asberg, M., Träskman, L., Sjöstrand, L., Thorén, P., Bertilsson, L. & Tybring, G. (1981) Platelet MAO activity and monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in depressed and suicidal patients and in healthy controls. Psychiatry Research 4: 21–29. [LvK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orlebeke, J. F. & Feij, J. A. (1979) The orienting reflex as a personality correlate. In: The orienting reflex in humans, ed. Kimmel, H. D., van Olst, E. H. & Orlebeke, J. F.. Erlbaum. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Ozeran, B. J. (1973) Sensation seeking as a predictor of leadership in leaderless, task-oriented groups. Master's thesis, University of Hawaii. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Paisey, T. J. H., & Mangan, G. L. (1980) The relationship of extraversion, neuroticism and sensation seeking to questionnaire-derived measures of nervous system properties. Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science 15: 123–30. [JS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panksepp, J. (1982) Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5: 407–22. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearlman, C. (1983) Impairment of environmental effects of brain weight by adrenergic drugs in rats. Physiology and Behavior 30: 161–63. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perris, C., Jacobsson, L., von Knorring, L., Oreland, L., Perris, H. & Ross, S. B. (1980) Enzymes related to biogenic amine metabolism and personality characteristics in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 61: 477–84. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterson, D. W. & Laverty, R. (1976) Operant behavioral and neurochemical effects after neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Psychopharmacology 50: 55–60. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrie, A. (1960) Some psychological aspects of pain and the relief of suffering. Annak of the New York Academy of Sciences 86: 13–27. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrie, A.(1967) Individuality in pain and suffering. University of Chicago Press. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Pijnenburg, A. J. J., Honig, W. M. M., van der Heyden, J. A. M. & van Rossum, J. M. (1976) Effects of chemical stimulation of the mesolimbic system upon locomotor activity. European Journal of Pharmacology 35: 45–58. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plaźnik, A. & Kostowski, W. (1983) The interrelationship between brain noradrenergic and dopaminergic neuronal systems in regulating animal behavior: Possible clinical implications. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 19: 5–11. [taMZ]Google ScholarPubMed
Pla´znik, A., Kostowski, W., Bidzinski, A. & Hauptmann, M. (1980) Effects of lesions of the midbrain raphe nuclei on avoidance learning in rats. Physiology and Behavior 24: 257–62. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C. & McClearn, G. E. (1980) Behavioral genetics: A primer. W. H. Freeman. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Popper, K. R. (1959) The logic of scientific discovery. Hutchinson. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Price, M. T. C, Murray, G. N. & Fibiger, H. C. (1977) Schedule dependent changes in operant responding after lesions of the dorsal tegmental noradrenergic projection. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 6: 11–15. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raine, A., Mitchell, D. A. & Venables, P. H. (1983) Cortical augmenting-reducing – modality specific? Psychophysiology 18: 700–708. [EC, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redmond, D. E. Jr, (1977) Alterations in the function of the nucleus locus coeruleus: A possible model for studies of anxiety. In: Animal models in psychiatry and neurology, ed. Hanin, I. & Usdin, E.. Pergamon Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Redmond, D. E. Jr, & Huang, Y. H. (1979) Current concepts II. New evidence for a locus eoeruleus-norepinephrine connection with anxiety. Life Sciences 25: 2149–62. [DER, taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redmond, D. E. Jr, Huang, Y. H. & Grant, S. J. (1983) Electrical stimulation of locus coeruleus in unrestrained monkeys: Behavioral responses similar to alarm/fear and opiate withdrawal. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Supp. (401):256–57. [DER]Google Scholar
Redmond, D. E. Jr, Huang, Y. H., Snyder, D. R., Maas, J. W. & Baulu, J. (1977) Hyperphagia and hyperdipsia after locus coeruleus lesions in the stumptailed monkey. Life Sciences 20: 1619–28. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redmond, D. E. Jr, Murphy, D. L. & Baulu, J. (1979) Platelet monoamine oxidase activity correlates with social affiliative and agonistic behaviors in normal rhesus monkeys. Psychosomatic Medicine 41: 87–100. [AC, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ridgeway, D. & Hare, R. D. (1981) Sensation seeking and psychophysiological responses to auditory stimulation. Psychophysiology 18: 613–18. [RMS, taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, D. C. S. & Fibiger, H. C. (1977) Evidence for interactions between central noradrenergic neurons and adrenal hormones in learning and memory. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 7: 191–94. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, D. C. S., Price, M. T. C. & Fibiger, H. C. (1976) The dorsal tegmental noradrcnergic projection: Analysis of its role in maze learning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 90: 363–72. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, D. L., Haier, R. J., Braden, W. & Krengel, M. (submitted) Evoked potential augmenting and reducing: Methodological and theoretical significance of new electrophysiological observations. [RJH]Google Scholar
Robinson, D. S., Davis, J. M., Nies, A., Colburn, R. W., Davis, J. N., Bourne, H. R., Bunney, W. E., Shaw, D. M. & Coppen, A. J. (1972) Ageing, monoamines, and monoamine oxidase levels. Lancet 1(290):290– 91. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, D. S., Davis, J. M., Nies, A., Ravaris, C. L., & Slyvester, D. (1971) Relation of sex and aging to monoamine oxidase activity of human brain, plasma, and platelets. Archives of General Psychiatry 24: 536–39. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rolls, B. J., Rowe, E. A., Rolls, E. T., Kingston, B., Megson, A. & Gunary, R. (1981) Variety in a meal enhances food intake in man. Physiology and Behavior 26: 215–21. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rorer, L. & Widiger, T. (1983) Personality structure and assessment. Annual Review of Psychology 34: 431–63. [ESB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenfeld, J., Lasko, L. A. & Simmel, E. C. (1978) Multivariate analysis of exploratory behavior in gerbils. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 12: 239–41. [ECS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenzweig, M. R. & Bennett, E. L. (1972) Cerebral changes in rats exposed individually to an enriched environment. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 80: 304–13. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenzweig, M. R. & Bennett, E. L. (1977) Effects of environmental enrichment or impoverishment on learning and on brain values in rodents. In: Genetics, environment and intelligence, ed. Oliverio, A.. Elsevier/North Holland. [VAE, rMZ]Google Scholar
Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., Hebert, M. & Morimoto, H. (1978) Social grouping cannot account for cerebral or behavioral effects of enriched environments. Brain Research 153: 563–76. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Routtenberg, A. (1968) The two-arousal hypothesis: Reticular formation and limbic system. Psychological Review 75: 51–81. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royce, J. R. (1977) On the construct validity of open-field measures. Psychological Bulletin 84: 1098–1106. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royce, J. R. & McDermott, J. (1977) A multidimensional system dynamics model of affect. Motivation and Emotion 1: 193–224. [JRR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royce, J. R. & Powell, A. (1983) Theory of personality and individual differences: Factors, systems, and processes. Prentice-Hall. [JRR]Google Scholar
Rushton, J. P., Fulker, D. W., Neale, M. C, Blizard, R. A. & Eysenck, H. J. (in press) Altruism and genetics. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae: Twin research. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Rust, J. (1975) Genetic effects in the cortical auditory evoked potentials: A twin study. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 39: 321–27. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sackett, G. P. (1965) Manipulatory behavior in monkeys reared under different levels of early stimulus variation. Perceptual and Motor Skills 20: 985–88. [JFW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sackett, G. P. (1972) Exploratory behavior of Rhesus monkeys as a function of rearing experiences and sex. Developmental Psychology 6: 260–70. [JFW, taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanders, A. F. (1983) Towards a model of stress and human performance. Acta Psychologica 53: 61–97. [EC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schalling, D. & Åsberg, M. (in press) Biological and psychological correlates of impulsiveness and monotony avoidance. In: The biological foundations of personality and behavior, ed. Gale, A., Farley, F. M. & Gale, A.. Hemisphere Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Schalling, D., Åsberg, M. & Edman, G. (1984) Personality and CSF monoamine metabolites. Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Karolinska Hospital and the Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Schalling, D., Edman, G. & Åsberg, M. (1983) Impulsive cognitive style and inability to tolerate boredom. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Erlbaum. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Schildkraut, J. J. (1965) The catecholamine hypothesis of the affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry 122: 509–35. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneirla, T. C. (1959) An evolutionary and developmental theory of biphasic processes underlying approach and withdrawal. In: Nebraska symposium on motivation, vol. 7, ed. Jones, M. R.. University of Nebraska Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Schooler, C., Zahn, T. P., Murphy, D. L. & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1978) Psychological correlates of monoamine oxidase in normals. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 166: 177–86. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segal, D. S., Geyer, M. A., & Weiner, B. E. (1975) Strain differences during intraventricular infusion of norepinephrine: Possible role of receptor sensitivity. Science 189: 301–3. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segal, M. & Edelson, A. (1978) Effects of priming stimulation of catecholamine containing nuclei in rat brain on runway performance. Brain Research Bulletin 3: 203–6. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sessions, G. R., Kant, G. J. & Koob, C. F. (1976) Locus coeruleus lesions and learning in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 17: 853–59. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmel, E. C. & Bagwell, M. (1983) Genetics of exploratory behavior and activity. In: Behavior genetics: Principles and applications, ed. Fuller, J. L. & Simmel, E. C.. Erlbaum. [ECS]Google Scholar
Simmel, E. C. & Eleftheriou, B. E. (1977) Multivariate and behavior genetic analysis of avoidance of complex visual stimuli and activity in recombinant inbred strains of mice. Behavior Genetics 7: 239–50. [ECS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmel, E. C. & Walker, D. A. (1972) The effects of a companion on exploratory behavior in two strains of inbred laboratory mice. Behavior Cenetics 2: 249–54. [ECS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinton, C. M. & Jouvet, M. (1983) Paradoxical sleep and coping with environmental change. Behavioral Brain Research 9: 151–63. [VAE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skinner, B. F. (1953) Science and human behavior. Macmillan. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Smith, B. D. (1983) Extroversion and electrodermal activity: Arousability and the inverted-U. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 411–19. [RMS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, S. H., Taylor, K. M., Coyle, J. T. & Meyerhoff, J. L. (1972) The role of brain dopamine in behavioral regulation and the actions of psychotropic drugs. In: Current concepts of amphetamine abuse, ed. Ellinwood, E. H. & Cohen, S.. DHEW publication no. (HSM) 72–9085. U.S. Government Printing Office. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Soffer, S. (1954) Regitine and benodaine in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Medical Clinics of North America 38: 375–84. [DER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sokolov, E. N. (1963) Perception and the conditioned reflex. Macmillan. [RMS, taMZ]Google Scholar
Sostek, A. J., Sostek, A. M., Murphy, D. L., Martin, E. B. & Born, W. S. (1981) Cord blood amine oxidase activities relate to arousal and motor functioning in human newborns. Life Sciences 28: 2561–68. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soubrié, P. H. (in preparation) “Acting out”: A hypothesis for reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons in human and animal behavior. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Speiser, Z. & Weinstock, M. (1976) Reduction by propranolol of raised urinary output of MHPC in hyperactive rats. Phannacology Biochemistry & Behavior 4: 531–34. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sporn, J. R., Harden, T. K., Wolfe, B. B. & Molinoff, P. B. (1976) Beta-adrenergic receptor involvement in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced supersensitivity in rat cerebral cortex. Science 194: 624–26. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanton, H. E. (1976) Hypnosis and encounter group volunteers: A validational study of the Sensation Seeking Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 44: 692. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, L. (1974) Norepinephrine reward pathways: Role in self-stimulation, memory consolidation, and schizophrenia. In: Nebraska symposium on motivation, vol. 22, ed. Cole, J. K. & Sonderegger, T. B.. University of Nebraska Press. [RMC, tarMZ]Google Scholar
Stein, L. (1978) Reward transmitters: Catecholamines and opioid peptides. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, ed. Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A. & Killam, K. F.. Raven Press. [RMC, tarMZ]Google Scholar
Stein, L. (1983) The chemistry of positive reinforcement. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Erlbaum. [RMC, taMZ]Google Scholar
Stelmack, R. M. (1981) The biological basis of introversion-extraversion: Psychophysiological evidence. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles. [RMS, taMZ]Google Scholar
Stelmack, R. M. & Plouffe, L. (1983) Extraversion-introversion: The Bell-Magendie Law revisited. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 381–86. [RMS, tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stelmack, R. M., Plouffc, L. & Falkenberg, W. (1983) Extroversion, sensation seeking and eleetrodermal response: Probing a paradox. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 607–14. [RMS, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stelmack, R. M. & Wilson, K. C. (1982) Extraversion and the effects of frequency and intensity of the auditory brainstem evoked response. Personality and Individual Differences 3: 373–80. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, D. W. & MacGriffith, G. (1975) Factor analysis of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. Psychological Reports 37: 849–50. [JS, taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, E. A. (1983) Problems with the current catecholamine hypotheses of antidepressant agents: Speculations leading to a new hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6: 535–77. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strelan, J. (1984) Temperament, personality and activity. Academic Press. [JS, rMZ]Google Scholar
Sudak, H. S. & Maas, J. W. (1964) Central nervous system serotonin and norepinephrine localization in emotional and non-emotional strains in mice. Nature 203: 1254–56. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suomi, S. J. & Harlow, H. F. (1976) The facts and functions of fear. In: Emotions and anxiety: New concepts, methods and applications, ed. Zuckerman, M. & Spielberger, C. D.. Erlbaum. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Sweeny, D. R. & Maas, J. W. (1979) Stress and noradrenergic function in depression. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A.. Academic Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Teplov, B. M. (1961) Problems of individual differences. RSFSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences (in Russian). [JS, rMZ]Google Scholar
Thompson, W. R. & Grusec, J. E. (1970) Studies of early experience. In: Carmichael's manual of child psychology, vol. 1, ed. Mussen, P. H.. Wiley. [JFW]Google Scholar
Tiplady, B. J., Killian, J. J. & Mandel, P. (1976) Tyrosine hydroxylase in various brain regions of three strains of mice differing in spontaneous activity, learning ability, and emotionality. Life Sciences 18: 1065–70. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toben¨a, A., Garcia, L. & Garau, A. (1982) Studies on an analogue of extraversion in the rat. Report no. 1. Treballs de Departament de Psicologia Medica, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Turpin, G. (1979) A psychobiological approach to the differentiation of orienting and defense responses. In: The orienting reflex in humans, ed. Kimmel, H. D., Van Olst, E. H. & Orlebeke, J. F.. Erlbaum. [RMS]Google Scholar
Umberkoman-Wiita, B., Vogel, W. H. & Wiita, P. J. (1981) Some biochemical and behavioral (sensation seeking) correlates in healthy adults. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior 6: 303–16. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Vanderwolf, C. H. & Robinson, T. E. (1981) Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior: A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4: 459–76. [EC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vetulani, J. & Sulser, F. (1975) Action of various antidepressant treatments reduces reactivity of noradrenergic cyclic AMP-generating system in limbic forebrain. Nature (London) 257: 495–96. [DER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Volavka, J., Davis, L. G., & Ehrlich, Y. H. (1979) Endorphins, dopamine and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 5: 227–39. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, R. N. & Cummins, R. A. (1976) The open-field test: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin 83: 482–504. [ECS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, J. M., Glazer, H. I., Pohorecky, L. A., Bailey, W. H. & Schneider, L. H. (1979) Coping behavior and stress-induced behavioral depression: Studies of the role of brain catecholamines. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A.. Academic Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Whimbey, A. E. & Denenberg, V. H. (1967) Two independent behavioral dimensions in open field performance. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 63: 500–504. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, S., Ryckman, R. M., Gold, J. A. & Lenney, E. (1982) The effects of sensation seeking and misattribution of arousal of attraction toward similar or dissimilar strangers. Journal of Research in Personality 16: 217–26. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wise, R. A. (1978) Catecholamine theories of reward: A critical review. Brain Research 152: 215–47. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woodward, D. J., Moises, H. C, Waterhouse, B. D., Hoffer, B. J. & Freedman, R. (1979) Modulatory actions of norepinephrine in the central nervous system. Federation Proceedings 38: 2109–16. [DER]Google ScholarPubMed
Wright, J. C. (1980) Early development of exploratory behavior and dominance in three litters of German shepherds. In: Early experiences and early behavior, ed. Simmel, E. C.. Academic Press. [ECS]Google Scholar
Zacharko, R. M., Bowers, W. J., Kokkinidis, L. & Anisman, H. (1983) Region specific reductions of intracranial self-stimulation after uncontrollable stress. Behavioral Research 9: 129–41. [taMZ]Google ScholarPubMed
Zajonc, R. (1980) Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist 35: 151–75. [RJK, rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zigmond, M. J. & Strieker, E. M. (1977) Behavioral and neurochemical effects of central catecholamine depletion: A possible model for “subclinical” brain damage. In: Animal models in psychiatry and neurology, ed. Hanin, I. & Usdin, E.. Pergamon Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zubek, J., ed. (1969) Sensory deprivation: Fifteen years of research. Appleton-Century. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1969) Theoretical formulations I. In: Sensory deprivation: Fifteen years of research, ed. Zubek, J. P.. Appleton-Century. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1971) Dimensions of sensation seeking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 36: 45–52. [JFW, taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1974) The sensation seeking motive. In: Progress in experimental personality research, vol. 7, ed. Maher, B. A.. Academic Press. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1978a) Sensation seeking. In: Dimensions of personality, ed. London, H. & Exner, J. Jr, Wiley. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1978b) Sensation seeking and psychopathy. In: Psychopathic behavior: Approaches to research, ed. Hare, R. D. & Schalling, D.. Wiley. [RJK, taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1979a) Sensation seeking and risk taking. In: Emotions in personality and psychopathology, ed. Izard, C. E.. Plenum Press. [tarMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1979b) Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Erlbaum. [JS, JFW, tarMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1979c) Traits, states, situations and uncertainty. Journal of Behavioral Assessment 1: 43–54. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1980) Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin 88: 187–214. [JS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1983a) A biological theory of sensation seeking. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Erlbaum. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1983b) Sensation seeking and sports. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 285–92. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1983c) Sensation seeking: The initial motive for drug abuse. In: Etiological aspects of alcohol and drug abuse, ed. Gottheil, E., Druley, K. A., Skoloda, T. E. & Waxman, H. M.. Charles C. Thomas. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1983d) A summing up with special sensitivity to the signals of reward in future research. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Erlbaum. [rMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1984) Experience and desire: A new format for sensation seeking scales. Journal of Behavioral Assessment. In press. [rMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Ballenger, J. C, Jimerson, D. C, Murphy, D. L. & Post, R. M. (1983) A correlational test in humans of the biological models of sensation seeking, impulsivity and anxiety. In: Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Erlbaum. [taMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Ballenger, J. C. & Post, R. M. (1984) The neurobiology of some dimensions of personality. In: International review of neurobiology, vol. 245, eds. Smythies, J. R., Bradley, R. J.. Academic Press. [tarMZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Buchsbaum, M. S. & Murphy, D. L. (1980) Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin 88: 187–214. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. & Como, P. (1983) Sensation seeking and arousal systems. Personality and Individual Differences 4: 381–86. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuekerman, M., Eysenck, S. & Eysenck, H. J. (1978) Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 46: 139–49. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuekerman, M., Kolin, E. A., Price, L. & Zoob, I. (1964) Development of a sensation seeking scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology 28: 477–82. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Murtaugh, T. M. & Siegel, J. (1974) Sensation seeking and cortical augmenting-reducing. Psychophysiology 11: 535–42. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuckerman, M. & Neeb, M. (1979) Sensation seeking and psyehopathology. Psychiatry Research 1: 255–64. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. & Neeb, M. (1980) Demographic influences in sensation seeking and expressions of sensation seeking in religion, smoking, and driving habits. Personality and Individual Differences 1: 197–206. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Persky, H., Hopkins, T. R., Murtaugh, T., Basil, G. K. & Schilling, M. (1966) Comparison of stress effects of perceptual and social isolation. Archives of General Psychiatry 14: 356–65. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuekerman, M., Persky, H., Link, K. E. & Basu, G. K. (1968) Experimental and subject factors determining responses to sensory deprivation, social isolation and confinement. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 73: 183–94. [tarMZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Schultz, D. P. & Hopkins, T. R. (1967) Sensation seeking and volunteering for sensory deprivation and hypnosis experiments. Journal of Consulting Psychology 31: 358–63. [taMZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed