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“Our roots run deep”: Historical myths as culturally evolved technologies for coalitional recruitment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2024

Amine Sijilmassi Open the ORCID record for Amine Sijilmassi [Opens in a new window] ,
Lou Safra Open the ORCID record for Lou Safra [Opens in a new window]  and
Nicolas Baumard Open the ORCID record for Nicolas Baumard [Opens in a new window]
Amine Sijilmassi*
Affiliation:
Département d’études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France. amine.sij@gmail.com lou.safra@sciencespo.fr; https://sites.google.com/site/lousafra/home nbaumard@gmail.com; https://nicolasbaumards.org/
Lou Safra
Affiliation:
Département d’études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France. amine.sij@gmail.com lou.safra@sciencespo.fr; https://sites.google.com/site/lousafra/home nbaumard@gmail.com; https://nicolasbaumards.org/
Nicolas Baumard
Affiliation:
Département d’études cognitives, Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France. amine.sij@gmail.com lou.safra@sciencespo.fr; https://sites.google.com/site/lousafra/home nbaumard@gmail.com; https://nicolasbaumards.org/
*
Corresponding author: Amine Sijilmassi; Email: amine.sij@gmail.com
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Abstract

One of the most remarkable manifestations of social cohesion in large-scale entities is the belief in a shared, distinct, and ancestral past. Human communities around the world take pride in their ancestral roots, commemorate their long history of shared experiences, and celebrate the distinctiveness of their historical trajectory. Why do humans put so much effort into celebrating a long-gone past? Integrating insights from evolutionary psychology, social psychology, evolutionary anthropology, political science, cultural history, and political economy, we show that the cultural success of historical myths is driven by a specific adaptive challenge for humans: The need to recruit coalitional support to engage in large-scale collective action and prevail in conflicts. By showcasing a long history of cooperation and shared experiences, these myths serve as super-stimuli, activating specific features of social cognition and drawing attention to cues of fitness interdependence. In this account, historical myths can spread within a population without requiring group-level selection, as long as individuals have a vested interest in their propagation and strong psychological motivations to create them. Finally, this framework explains not only the design features of historical myths, but also important patterns in their cross-cultural prevalence, interindividual distribution, and particular content.

Keywords

coalitional psychologycooperationcultural evolutionhistorymythnarrativenationalismtechnology

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Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 47 , 2024 , e171
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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