Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-br6xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-08T11:48:13.551Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hand-to-hand combat, or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 October 2003

Michael C. Corballis
Michael C. Corballis*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
*
m.corballis@auckland.ac.nz
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Many commentators have raised issues concerning the idea that language evolved from manual gestures. I deal with these first, reiterating the points that speech is very different from animal vocal calls, and that cortical control over manual action provided the best platform for the evolution of intentional communication and language. I then deal with commentaries on the origins of handedness. The critical questions are whether there is indeed an evolutionary coupling between handedness and lateralized control of speech, and if there is, whether a prior lateralization of vocal control provided the nudge that gave most of us left-sided speech and right-handedness.

Information

Type
Author's Response
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , April 2003 , pp. 242 - 260
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aboitiz, F. & Garcia, R. (1997) The evolutionary origin of the language areas in the human brain. A neuroanatomical perspective. Brain Research Reviews 25:381–96. [GJ]10.1016/S0165-0173(97)00053-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Acredolo, L., Goodwyn, S., Horobin, K. & Emmons, Y. (1999) The signs and sounds of early language development. In: Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues, ed. Balter, L. & Tamis-LeMonda, C. Psychology Press. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Aggleton, J. P., Kentridge, R. W. & Neave, N. J. (1993) Evidence for longevity differences between left handed and right handed men: An archival study of cricketers. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 47:206–209. [CF]10.1136/jech.47.3.206CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altmann, G. (1997) The ascent of Babel. Oxford University Press. [GRG]Google Scholar
Amunts, K., Schleiger, A., Bürgel, U., Mohlberg, H., Uylings, H. B. M. & Zilles, K. (1999) Broca's area revisited: Cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability. Journal of Comparative Neurology 412:319–41. [aMCC]10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990920)412:2<319::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-73.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ananthaswamy, A. (2003) Has this chimpanzee taught himself to talk? New Scientist 177 (2376):12. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Annett, M. (1970) A classification of hand preference by association analysis. British Journal of Psychology 61:303–21. [AAB]10.1111/j.2044-8295.1970.tb01248.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1975) Hand preference and the laterality of cerebral speech. Cortex 11:305–28. [MA]10.1016/S0010-9452(75)80024-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1987a) Handedness as chance or as species characteristic. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:263–64. [CF]10.1017/S0140525X00047701CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Annett, M. (1987b) Implications of the right shift theory of handedness for individual differences in hemisphere specialisation. In: Individual differences in hemispheric specialization. NATO ASI Series A: Life sciences, vol. 130, ed. Glass, A. Plenum Press. [AR]Google Scholar
Annett, M. (1992) Parallels between asymmetries of planum temporale and of hand skill. Neuropsychologia 30:951–62. [AAB]10.1016/0028-3932(92)90048-QCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1995) The right shift theory of a genetically balanced polymorphism for cerebral dominance and cognitive processing. Current Psychology of Cognition 14:427–80. [arMCC]Google Scholar
Annett, M. (2002) Handedness and brain asymmetry: The right shift theory. Psychology Press. [MA]Google Scholar
Annett, M. & Alexander, M. P. (1996) Atypical cerebral dominance: Predictions and tests of the right shift theory. Neuropsychologia 34:1215–27. [MA]10.1016/0028-3932(96)00048-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbib, M. A. (2002) The mirror system, imitation, and the evolution of language. In: Imitation in animals and artifacts, ed. Nehaniv, C. & Dautenhahn, K. MIT Press. [MAA, rMCC, AR]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2003a) Language evolution: The mirror system hypothesis. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, ed. Arbib, M. A. MIT Press. [RD]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (2003b) Review of Stokoe (2001), Language in hand: Why sign came before speech. Journal of Linguistics (in press). [MAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (submitted) Beyond the mirror system: From monkey-like action recognition to human language. [CC]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Rizzolatti, G. (1997) Neural expectations: A possible evolutionary path from manual skills to language. Communication and Cognition 29:393–424. [rMCC, AR]Google Scholar
Arcadi, A. C. (1996) Phrase structure of wild chimpanzee pant hoots: Patterns of production and interpopulation variability. American Journal of Primatology 39:159–78. [ACA, aMCC]10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)39:3<159::AID-AJP2>3.0.CO;2-Y3.0.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arcadi, A. C. (2000) Vocal responsiveness in male wild chimpanzees: Implications for the evolution of language. Journal of Human Evolution 39:205–23. [ACA]10.1006/jhev.2000.0415CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arcadi, A. Clark, Robert, D. & Boesch, C. (1998) Buttress drumming by wild chimpanzees: Temporal patterning, phrase integration into loud calls, and preliminary evidence for individual distinctiveness. Primates 39(4):503–16. [ACA]10.1007/BF02557572CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archer, J., ed. (1994) Male violence. Routledge. [CF]Google Scholar
Armstrong, D. F. (1999) Original signs: Gesture, sign, and the source of language. Gallaudet University Press. [DFA, aMCC]Google Scholar
Armstrong, D. F. & Katz, S. H. (1983) Brain laterality in signed and spoken language: Neural factors in the evolution of linguistic behavior. In: Glossogenesis. The origin and evolution of language, ed. de Grolier, E. [CK]Google Scholar
Armstrong, D. F., Stokoe, W. C. & Wilcox, S. E. (1995) Gesture and the nature of language. Cambridge University Press. [DFA, arMCC, AC-M, RSF, AR, BW]10.1017/CBO9780511620911CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, J. R., Campbell, R., Marshall, J., Thacker, A. & Woll, B. (in press) Understanding “not”: Neuropsychological dissociations between hand and head markers of negation in BSL. Neuropsychologia. [BW]Google Scholar
Babkin, P. S. (1960) The establishment of reflex activity in postnatal life. In: Central nervous system and behavior [English trans. from Fiziologii Zhurnal, USSR, 1953, pp. 922–27). Russian Scientific Translation Program, National Institutes of Health. [JMI]Google Scholar
Baldwin, D. A. (1995) Understanding the link between joint attention and language. In: Joint attention: Its origins and role in development, ed. Moore, C. & Dunham, P. J. Erlbaum. [DAL]Google Scholar
Bard, K. A. (1992) Intentional behavior and intentional communication in young free-ranging orangutans. Child Development 62:1186–97. [DAL]10.2307/1131526CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barsalou, L. (1999) Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22:577–660. [RD]10.1017/S0140525X99002149CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, E. & Dick, F. (2002) Language, gesture, and the developing brain. Developmental Psychobiology 40:293–310. [AR]10.1002/dev.10034CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, E., O’Connell, B., Vaid, J., Sledge, Paul & Oakes, L. (1986) Language and hand preference in early development. Developmental Neuropsychology 2:1–15. [JMI]10.1080/87565648609540323CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, R. H. (1993) Lateralization of neural control for vocalization by the frog (Rana pipiens). Psychobiology 21:243–48. [arMCC, UJ]10.3758/BF03327141CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaton, A. A. (1997) The relation of planum temporale asymmetry and morphology of the corpus callosum to handedness, gender, and dyslexia: A review of the evidence. Brain and Language 60:255–322. [AAB]10.1006/brln.1997.1825CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaton, A. A. (2003) The nature and determinants of handedness. In: The asymmetrical brain, ed. Hugdahl, K. & Davidson, R. J. MIT Press. [AAB]Google Scholar
Beattie, G. & Shovelton, H. (2002) What properties of talk are associated with the generation of spontaneous iconic hand gestures? British Journal of Social Psychology 41:403–17. [PF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bermùdez de Castro, J. M., Bromage, T. G. & Fernàndez Jalvo, Y. (1988) Buccal striations on fossil human anterior teeth: Evidence of handedness in the middle and early Upper Pleistocene. Journal of Human Evolution 17:403–12. [CF]10.1016/0047-2484(88)90029-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T. (1988) The emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human development: A literature review and a neuroembryological model. In: Brain lateralization in children, ed. Molfese, D. L. & Segalowitz, S. J. Guilford Press. [LR]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. E. (1995) Language and human behavior. University of Washington Press. [MAA, arMCC]Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. E. (2002) From protolanguage to language. In: The speciation of modern Homo Sapiens, ed. Crow, T. J. Oxford University Press. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Binkofski, F., Buccino, G., Posse, S., Seitz, R. J., Rizzolatti, G. & Freund, H. (1999a) A fronto-parietal circuit for object manipulation in man: Evidence from an fMRI-study. European Journal of Neuroscience 11:3276–86. [SHJ-F]10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00753.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binkofski, F., Classen, J. & Benecke, R. (1999b) Stimulation of peripheral nerves using a novel magnetic coil. Muscle and Nerve 22:751–57. [SHJ-F]3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bisazza, A., Roger, L. J. & Vallortigara, G. (1998) The origins of cerebral asymmetry: A review of evidence of behavioural and brain lateralization in fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 22:411–26. [LR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bischoff-Grethe, A., Proper, S. M., Mao, H., Daniels, K. A. & Berns, G. S. (2000) Conscious and unconscious processing of nonverbal predictability in Wernicke's area. Journal of Neuroscience 20:1975–81. [RSF]10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-05-01975.2000CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bodamer, M. D. & Gardner, R. A. (2002) How cross-fostered chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) initiate and maintain conversations. Journal of Comparative Psychology 116:12–26. [SFW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boesch, C. (1991) Handedness in wild chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology 12:541–58. [WDH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonvillian, J. D., Orlansky, M. D. & Garland, J. B. (1982) Handedness patterns in deaf persons. Brain and Cognition 1:141–57. [AR]10.1016/0278-2626(82)90012-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonvillian, J. D. & Richards, H. C. (1993) The development of hand preference in children's early signing. Sign Language Studies 78:1–14. [DFA]10.1353/sls.1993.0007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bookheimer, S. (2002) Functional MRI of language: New approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing. Annual Review of Neuroscience 25:151–88. [IECS]10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142946CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradshaw, J. L. & Mattingley, J. B. (2001) A sensory analogue of motor mirror neurones in a hyperaesthetic patient reporting instantaneous discomfort to another's perceived sudden minor injury? Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 70:135–36. [JLB]10.1136/jnnp.70.1.135aCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, J. L. & Rogers, L. J. (1993) The evolution of lateral asymmetries, language, tool use, and intellect. Academic Press. [MA, aMCC, LR]Google Scholar
Brain, R. (1945) Speech and handedness. Lancet 249:837–41. [aMCC, NDC]10.1016/S0140-6736(45)91573-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braver, T. S. & Bongiolatti, S. R. (2002) The role of frontopolar cortex in subgoal processing during working memory. Neuroimage 15:523–36. [GJ]10.1006/nimg.2001.1019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003) Spracherwerb und statistisches Lernen (Language acquisition and statistical learning). Nervenarzt 74:133–43. [CB]10.1007/s00115-002-1466-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bresson, F., Maury, L., Pierot-Le Bonniec, G. & de Schonen, S. (1977) Organization and lateralization of reaching in infants: An instance of asymmetric functions in hands collaboration. Neuropsychologia 15:311–20. [JMI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bridges, P. S. (1996) Skeletal biology and behavior in ancient humans. Evolutionary Anthropology 4:112–20. [CF]10.1002/evan.1360040403CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadfield, D. C., Holloway, R. L., Mowbray, K., Silvers, A., Yuan, M. S. & Marquez, S. (2001) Endocast of Sambungmacan 3 (Sm3): A new Homo erectus from Indonesia. The Anatomical Record 262:369–79. [RLH]10.1002/ar.1047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broca, P. (1861a) Perte de la parole, ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe antérieur gauche du cerveau. Bulletin de la Société de Anthropologie, Paris 2:235–38. [GJ]Google Scholar
Broca, P. (1861b) Remarques sur la siège de la faculté du langage articulé, suivie d’une observation d’aphémie. Bulletin de la Société Anatomique de Paris 2:330–57. [AAB, aMCC]Google Scholar
Broca, P. (1865) Sur la siège de la faculté du langage articulé. Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 6:377–93. [AAB, aMCC]Google Scholar
Browman, C. & Goldstein, L. (1991) Gestural structures: Distinctiveness, phonological processes, and historical change. In: Modularity and the motor theory of speech perception, ed. Mattingly, I. G. & Studdert-Kennedy, M. Erlbaum. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Brueckner, M., D’Eustachio, P. & Horwich, A. L. (1989) Linkage mapping of a mouse gene, IV, that controls left-right asymmetry of the heart and viscera. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 86:5035–38. [aMCC]10.1073/pnas.86.13.5035CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D., Mackaye, H. T., Likius, A., Ahountas, D., Beauvillian, A., Blondel, C., Bocherens, H., Boisserie, J-R., De Bonis, L., Coppens, Y., Dejax, J., Denys, C., Duringer, P., Eisenmann, V., Fonone, G., Fronty, P., Geraads, D., Lehmann, T., Lihoreau, F., Louchart, A., Mahamat, A., Merceron, G., Mouchelin, G., Otero, O., Campomanes, P. P., De Leon, M., Rasge, J-C., Sapanet, M., Schuster, M., Sufre, J., Tassy, P., Valentin, X., Vignaud, P., Viriot, L., Zazzo, A. & Zollikofer, C. (2002) A new hominid from the upper miocene of Chad, Central Africa. Nature 418:145–51. [AAB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryden, M. & Steenhuis, R. E. (1991) Issues in the assessment of handedness. In: Cerebral laterality: Theory and research, ed. Kitterle, F. L. Erlbaum. [GFM]Google Scholar
Bub, D. N. (2000) Methodological issues confronting PET and fMRI studies of cognitive function. Cognitive Neuropsychology 17:467–84. [AAB]10.1080/026432900410793CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buccino, G., Binkofski, F., Fink, G. R., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Seitz, R. J., Zilles, K., Rizzolatti, G. & Freund, H. J. (2001) Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: An fMRI study. European Journal of Neuroscience 13:400–404. [SHJ-F]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butterworth, G. (2001) Joint visual attention in infancy. In: Blackwell handbook of infancy research, ed. Bremner, J. G. & Fogel, A.. Blackwell. [DAL]Google Scholar
Butterworth, G. & Hopkins, B. (1988) Hand-mouth coordination in the new-born baby. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 6:303–13. [JMI]10.1111/j.2044-835X.1988.tb01103.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buxhoeveden, D. & Casanova, M. (2000) Comparative lateralisation patterns in the language area of human, chimpanzee, and rhesus monkey brains. Laterality 4:315–30. [aMCC]10.1080/713754390CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, R. W. & Byrne, J. M. (1991) Hand preferences in the skilled gathering tasks of mountain gorillas (Gorilla-G-Berengei). Cortex 27:521–46. [aMCC, WDH]10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80003-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, D. P. & Wada, J. A. (1979) An anatomical asymmetry in the baboon brain. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 16:222–26. [SFW]10.1159/000121838CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Call, J. & Tomasello, M. (1994) Production and comprehension of referential pointing by orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology 108:307–17. [DAL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calvert, G. A. & Campbell, R. (2003) Reading speech from still and moving faces: The neural substrates of visible speech. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15:57–70. [rMCC]10.1162/089892903321107828CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calvin, W. H. (1982) Did throwing stones shape hominid brain evolution? Ethology and Sociobiology 3:115–24. [CF]10.1016/0162-3095(82)90010-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1983a) A stone's throw and its launch window: Timing precision and its implications for language and hominid brains. Journal of Theoretical Biology 104:121–35. [AAB, CF]10.1016/0022-5193(83)90405-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1983b) The throwing Madonna: Essays on the brain. McGrawHill. [LR]Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1987) On evolutionary expectations of symmetry and toolmaking. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10(2):267. [CF]10.1017/S0140525X00047749CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1993) The unitary hypothesis: A common neural circuitry for novel manipulations, language, plan-ahead, and throwing? In: Tools, language and cognition in human evolution, ed. Gibson, K. R. & Ingold, T. Cambridge University Press. [CF, LW]Google Scholar
Cantalupo, C. & Hopkins, W. D. (2001) Asymmetric Broca's area in great apes. Nature 414:505. [arMCC, RSF, WDH, RLH]10.1038/35107134CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Capirci, O., Iverson, J., Pizzuto, E. & Volterra, V. (1996) Communicative gestures and the transition to two-word speech. Journal of Child Language 23:645–73. [PF]10.1017/S0305000900008989CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, D. F. & Harris, L. J. (1985) Development of the infant's hand preference for visually directed reaching: Preliminary report of a longitudinal study. Infant Mental Health Journal 6:158–72. [DC]10.1002/1097-0355(198523)6:3<158::AID-IMHJ2280060307>3.0.CO;2-X3.0.CO;2-X>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1996) Review of Armstrong et al. (1995). Lingua 99:135–38. [AC-M]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1999) The origins of complex language. Oxford University Press. [aMCC, AC-M]10.1093/oso/9780198238225.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaminade, T., Meltzoff, A. N. & Decety, J. (2002) Does the end justify the means? A PET exploration of the mechanisms involved in human imitation. Neuroimage 15:318–28. [GJ]10.1006/nimg.2001.0981CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chao, L. L. & Martin, A. (2000) Representation of manipulable man-made objects in the dorsal stream. Neuroimage 12:478–84. [SHJ-F]10.1006/nimg.2000.0635CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1966) Cartesian linguistics: A chapter in the history of rational thought. Harper and Row. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1988) Language and the problem of knowledge: The Managua lectures. MIT Press. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1995) The minimalist programme. MIT Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2000) Language as a natural object. In: New horizons in the study of language and mind, ed. Chomsky, N. Cambridge University Press. [aMCC]10.1017/CBO9780511811937CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (2002) On nature and language. Cambridge University Press. [CK]10.1017/CBO9780511613876CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christian, J. M. (1977) Moosehide processing. In: The individual in Northern Dene thought and communication: A study in sharing and diversity, ed. Christian, J. M. & Gardner, P. M. National Museums of Canada. [TMP]10.2307/j.ctt22zmcq6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christiansen, M. H., Dale, R., Ellefson, M. & Conway, C. M. (2001) The role of sequential learning in language evolution: Computational and experimental studies. In: Simulating the evolution of language, ed. Cangelosi, A. & Parisi, D. Springer-Verlag. [RD]Google Scholar
Cobb, K., Goodwin, R. & Saelens, E. (1966) Spontaneous hand positions of newborn infants. Journal of Genetic Psychology 108:225–37. [AVP]10.1080/00221325.1966.10532781CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cobo-Lewis, A. B., Oller, D. K., Lynch, M. P. & Levine, S. L. (1996) Relations of motor and vocal milestones in typically developing infants and infants with Down syndrome. American Journal of Mental Retardation 100:456–67. [JMI]Google ScholarPubMed
Code, C. (1994) Speech automatism production in aphasia. Journal of Neurolinguistics 8:135–48. [CC]10.1016/0911-6044(94)90021-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Code, C. (1996) Speech from the right hemisphere? Left hemispherectomy cases E. C. and N. F. In: Classic cases in neuropsychology, ed.Code, C., Wallesch, C.-W., Joannette, Y. & Lecours, A.-R. Psychology Press. [CC]Google Scholar
Code, C. (1997) Can the right hemisphere speak? Brain and Language 57:38–59. [CC]10.1006/brln.1997.1833CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conway, C. M. & Christiansen, M. H. (2001) Sequential learning in non-human primates. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5:539–46. [RD]10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01800-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cook, N. D. (2002) Tone of voice and mind. John Benjamins. [NDC]10.1075/aicr.47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, D. N. (1999) Human gene evolution. In: Evolution of the human genome, ed. Cooper, D. N., Humphries, S. E. & Strachan, T. BIOS Scientific. [IECS]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1991) The lopsided ape. Oxford University Press. [arMCC]10.1093/oso/9780195066753.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1992) On the evolution of language and generativity. Cognition 44:197–226. [aMCC]10.1016/0010-0277(92)90001-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corballis, M. C. (1997) The genetics and evolution of handedness. Psychological Review 104:714–27. [arMCC, GVJ]10.1037/0033-295X.104.4.714CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corballis, M. C. (1998a) Cerebral asymmetry: Motoring on. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4:152–57. [AR]10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01156-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1998b) Evolution of language and laterality: A gradual descent? Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive/Current Psychology of Cognition 17:1148–55. [AR]Google Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (1999) The gestural origins of language. American Scientist 87(March- April):138–4. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2001) Is the handedness gene on the X chromosome? Comment on Jones and Martin (2000). Psychological Review 108:805–10. [rMCC, GVJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corballis, M. C. (2002) From hand to mouth: The origins of language. Princeton University Press. [MAA, JLB, arMCC, AR]10.1515/9780691221731CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corballis, M. C. & Beale, I. L. (1976) The psychology of left and right. Erlbaum. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Corbetta, D. (2001) Dynamic interaction between posture, laterality, and bimanual coordination in human infants: Why stone knapping might be a uniquely hominid behavior. In: Knapping stone: A uniquely hominid behavior?, ed. Roux, V. & Bril, B. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research/Cambridge University Press. [DC]Google Scholar
Corbetta, D. & Bojczyk, K. G. (2002) Infants return to two-handed reaching when they are learning to walk. Journal of Motor Behavior 34:83–95. [DC]10.1080/00222890209601933CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corbetta, D. & Thelen, E. (1999) Lateral biases and fluctuations in infants’ spontaneous arm movements and reaching. Developmental Psychobiology 34:237–55. [DC, AVP]10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199905)34:2<237::AID-DEV1>3.0.CO;2-#3.0.CO;2-#>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corbetta, D. & Thelen, E. (2002) Behavioral fluctuations and the development of manual asymmetries in infancy: Contributions of the dynamic systems approach. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, vol. 8: Child Neuropsychology, ed. Segalowitz, S. J. & Rapin, I. Elsevier Science. [DC]Google Scholar
Coren, S. (1989) Southpaws – somewhat scrawnier. Journal of the American Medical Association 17:2682–83. [CF]10.1001/jama.1989.03430190062022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coren, S. (1996) Pathological causes and consequences of left-handedness. In: Manual asymmetries in motor performance, ed. Digby, E. & Roy, E. A. CRC Press. [AR]Google Scholar
Coren, S. & Halpern, D. F. (1991) Left-handedness: A marker for decreased survival fitness. Psychological Bulletin 109:90–106. [rMCC, CF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coren, S. & Searleman, A. (1987) Left sidedness and sleep difficulty: The alinormal syndrome. Brain and Cognition 6:184–92. [AR]10.1016/0278-2626(87)90119-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corina, D. P., Bellugi, U. & Reilly, J. S. (1999) Neuropsychological studies of linguistic and affective facial expressions in deaf signers. Language and Speech 42:307–31. [BW]10.1177/00238309990420020801CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corina, D. P., Poizner, H., Bellugi, U., Feinberg, T., Dowd, D. & O’Grady-Batch, L. (1992) Dissociation between linguistic and nonlinguistic gestural systems: A case for compositionality. Brain and Language 43:414–47. [BW]10.1016/0093-934X(92)90110-ZCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornish, K. M., Pigram, J. & Shaw, K. (1997) Do anomalies of handedness exist in children with Fragile-X syndrome? Laterality 2:91–101. [aMCC]10.1080/713754261CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coulter, G., ed. (1993) Phonetics and phonology, vol. 3: Current issues in sign language phonology. Academic Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Cowell, S. F. Egan, G. F., Code, C., Harasty, J. & Watson, J. (2000) The functional neuroanatomy of simple calculation and number repetition: A parametric PET activation study. NeuroImage 12:565–73. [CC]10.1006/nimg.2000.0640CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T., ed. (2002) The speciation of modern Homo sapiens. British Academy, London. [NDC]Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1993) Sexual selection, Machiavellian intelligence, and the origins of psychosis. Lancet 342:594–98. [aMCC]10.1016/0140-6736(93)91415-ICrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J. (1997) Schizophrenia as a failure of hemispheric dominance for language. Trends in Neurosciences 20:339–43. [MA]Google ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J. (1998) Sexual selection, timing and the descent of man: A theory of the genetic origins of language. Current Psychology of Cognition 17:1237–77. [arMCC, AR]Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (1997) The Cambridge encyclopedia of language, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Dagher, A., Owen, A. M., Boecker, H. & Brooks, D. J. (1999) Mapping the network for planning: A correlational PET activation study with the Tower of London task. Brain 122:1973–87. [GJ]10.1093/brain/122.10.1973CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1989) Homicide. Aldine. [CF]Google ScholarPubMed
Daniel, W. F. & Yeo, R. A. (1994) Accident proneness and handedness. Biological Psychiatry 35:499. [CF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darwin, C. (1889/1998) The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Oxford University Press. [RSF]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1904) The expression of the emotions in man and animals, second edition. John Murray. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Dassonville, P., Zhu, X. H., Ugurbil, K., Kim, S. G. & Ashe, J. (1998) Neurobiology – Functional activation in motor cortex reflects the direction and the degree of handedness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 95:11499. [GJ]Google Scholar
Deacon, T. (1997) The symbolic species. Allen Lane/The Penguin Press. [arMCC]Google Scholar
de Condillac, B. (1746/1947) Essai sur l’origine des connaissances humaines, ouvrage ou l’on un seul principe tout ce concerne l’entendement. In: Oeuvres Philosophiques de Condillac. Georges LeRoy. [AR]Google Scholar
DeGusta, D., Gilbert, W. H. & Turner, S. P. (1999) Hypoglossal canal size and hominid speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96:1800–1804. [JLB, RLH]10.1073/pnas.96.4.1800CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Dehaene, S. & Hertz-Pannier, L. (2002) Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in infants. Science 298:2013–15. [rMCC]10.1126/science.1077066CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D’Esposito, M., Postle, B. R. & Rypma, B. (2000) Prefrontal cortical contributions to working memory: Evidence from event-related fMRI studies. Experimental Brain Research 133:3–11. [GJ]10.1007/s002210000395CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Vries, J. I. P., Wimmers, R. H., Ververs, I. A. P., Hopkins, B., Savesberg, G. J. P. & van Geijn, H. P. (2001) Fetal handedness and head position preference: A developmental study. Developmental Psychobiology 39:171–78. [LR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Waal, F. (1982) Chimpanzee politics. Johns Hopkins University Press/Harper and Row. [ACA, aMCC]Google Scholar
di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V. & Rizzolatti, G. (1992) Understanding motor events: A neurophysiological study. Experimental Brain Research 91:176–80. [SHJ-F]10.1007/BF00230027CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, A. S. (1959) The history and origin of language. Methuen. [arMCC]Google Scholar
Dickins, T. E. (2002) A behaviourist's perspective on the origins of language. History and Philosophy of Psychology 4(1):31–42. [TED]Google Scholar
Donald, M. (1991) Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Harvard University Press. [aMCC, AR]Google Scholar
Donald, M. (1999) Preconditions for the evolution of protolanguages. In: The descent of mind, ed. Corballis, M. C. & Lea, S. E. G. Oxford University Press. [AR]Google Scholar
Dronkers, N. F. (1996) A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature 384:159–61. [GJ]10.1038/384159a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ehert, G. (1987) Left hemisphere advantage in the mouse brain for recognizing ultrasonic communication calls. Nature 325:249–51. [aMCC, UJ]Google Scholar
Ehrsson, H. H., Fagergren, E. & Forssberg, H. (2001) Differential fronto-parietal activation depending on force used in a precision grip task: An fMRI study. Journal of Neurophysiology 85:2613–23. [SHJ-F]10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2613CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eilers, R., Oller, D. K., Levine, S., Basinger, D., Lynch, M. P. & Urbano, R. (1993) The role of prematurity and socioeconomic status in the onset of canonical babbling in infants. Infant Behavior and Development 16:297–315. [JMI]10.1016/0163-6383(93)80037-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ejiri, K. & Masataka, N. (2001) Co-occurrence of preverbal vocal behavior and motor action in early infancy. Developmental Science 4:40–48. [JMI]10.1111/1467-7687.00147CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elman, J., Bates, E. & Newport, E. (1996) Rethinking innateness: A connectionist perspective on development. MIT Press. [AR]10.7551/mitpress/5929.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmorey, E., Damasio, H., McCullough, S., Grabowski, T., Ponto, L. L. B., Hichwa, R. D. & Bellugi, U. (2002) Neural systems underlying spatial language in American Sign Language. NeuroImage 17(2):812–824. (doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1187). [MAA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmorey, K. (2002) Language, cognition, and the brain: Insights from sign language research. Erlbaum. [DFA]Google Scholar
Enard, W., Przeworski, M., Fisher, S. E., Lai, C. S., Wiebe, V., Kitano, T., Monaco, A. P. & Pääbo, S. (2002) Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Nature 418:869–72. [rMCC, IECS, SFW]10.1038/nature01025CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fabre-Thorpe, M., Fagot, J. Lorincz, E., Levesque, F. & Vauclair, J. (1993) Laterality in cats: Paw preference and performance in a visuomotor activity. Cortex 29:15–24. [CF]10.1016/S0010-9452(13)80208-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fadiga, L., Craighero, L., Buccino, G. & Rizzolatti, G. (2002) Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: A TMS study. European Journal of Neuroscience 15:399–402. [CB]10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01874.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falk, D. (1983) Cerebral cortices of the East African early hominids. Science 221:1072–74. [AAB]10.1126/science.221.4615.1072CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feyereisen, P. (1997) The competition between gesture and speech production in dual-task paradigms. Journal of Memory and Language 36:13–33. [PF]10.1006/jmla.1995.2458CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feyereisen, P. (1999) The neuropsychology of expressive movements. In: Gesture, speech, and sign, ed. Messing, L. & Campbell, R. Oxford University Press. [PF]Google Scholar
Feyereisen, P. & Havard, I. (1999) Mental imagery and production of hand gestures during speech by younger and older adults. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 23:153–71. [PF]10.1023/A:1021487510204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finch, G. (1941) Chimpanzee handedness. Science 94:117–18. [aMCC]10.1126/science.94.2431.117CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, R. H., Brown, C. P., O’Connor, K. & Tallal, P. (1993) Function lateralization for auditory temporal processing in male and female rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 107:844–50. [aMCC, UJ]10.1037/0735-7044.107.5.844CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Floel, A., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2001) Speech enhances motor responses in both hands. Brain and Language 79:S55–S57. [CB]Google Scholar
Floel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2002) Language and the motor system. Brain and Language 83:S37–S39. [CB]Google Scholar
Floel, A., Ellger, T., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003) Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: Implications for evolutionary theories of language (under review). [CB]10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02774.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foerster, O. (1936) The motor cortex in the light of Hughlings Jackson's doctrines. Brain 59:135–59. [aMCC]10.1093/brain/59.2.135CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogassi, L., Gallese, V., Fadiga, L. & Rizzolatti, G. (1998) Neurons responding to the sight of goal-directed hand/arm actions in the parietal area PF (7b) of the macaque monkey. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 24:654. [SHJ-F]Google Scholar
Fogel, A. & Hannan, T. E. (1985) Manual actions of nine to fifteen-week-old human infants during face-to-face interactions with their mothers. Child Development 56:1271–79. [JMI]Google ScholarPubMed
Foundas, A. L., Eure, K. F., Luevano, L. F. & Weinberger, D. R. (1998) MRI asymmetries of Broca's area: The pars triangularis and pars opercularis. Brain and Language 64:282–96. [AAB, UJ]10.1006/brln.1998.1974CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foundas, A. L., Leonard, C. M., Gilmore, R. L., Fennell, E. B. & Heilman, K. M. (1996) Pars triangularis asymmetry and language dominance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93:719–22. [aMCC]10.1073/pnas.93.2.719CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foundas, A. L., Leonard, C. M. & Heilman, K. M. (1995a) Morphological cerebral asymmetries and handedness – the pars triangularis and planum temporale. Archives of Neurology 52:501–508. [aMCC]10.1001/archneur.1995.00540290091023CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foundas, A. L., Macauley, B. L., Raymer, A. M., Maher, L. M., Heilman, K. M. & Rothi, L. J. G. (1995b) Gesture laterality in aphasic and apraxic stroke patients. Brain and Cognition 29:204–13. [PF]10.1006/brcg.1995.1277CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouts, R. S. (1987) Chimpanzee signing and emergent levels. In: Language, cognition and consciousness: Integrative levels, ed. Greenberg, G. & Tobach, E. Erlbaum. [RSF]Google Scholar
Fouts, R. S. & Mills, S. T. (1997) Next of kin. William Morrow. [RSF]Google Scholar
Fouts, R. S. & Waters, G. (2001) Chimpanzee sign language and Darwinian continuity: Evidence for a neurology continuity of language. Neurological Research 23:787–94. [RSF]10.1179/016164101101199270CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, P. T., Ingham, R. J., Ingham, J. C., Hirsch, T. B., Downs, J. H., Martin, C., Jerabek, P., Glass, T. & Lancaster, J. L. (1996) A PET study of the neural systems of stuttering. Nature 382:158–62. [NDC]10.1038/382158a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frege, G. (1977) Logical Investigations, trans. Geach, P. & Stoothoff, R. Blackwell. [GRG]Google Scholar
Furlow, B., Gangestad, S. W. & Armijo-Prewitt, T. (1998) Developmental stability and human violence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 265:1–6. [CF]10.1098/rspb.1998.0255CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galaburda, A. M. & Pandya, D. N. (1982) Role of architectonics and connections in the study of primate brain evolution. In: Primate brain evolution, ed. Armstrong, E. & Falk, D. Plenum Press. [UJ]Google Scholar
Gallagher, H. L., Happé, F., Brunswick, N., Fletcher, P. C., Frith, U. & Frith, C. D. (2000) Reading the mind in cartoons and stories: An fMRI study of “theory of mind” in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Neuropsychologia 38:11–21. [MA]10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00053-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L. & Rizzolatti, G. (1996) Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain 119(Pt. 2):593–609. [SHJ-F, AR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallese, V. & Goldman, A. (1998) Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2:493–501. [SHJ-F]10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01262-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gangestad, S. W. & Yeo, R. A. (1997) Behavioral genetic variation, adaptation and maladaptation: An evolutionary perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1:103–108. [CF]10.1016/S1364-6613(97)89056-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gannon, P. J., Holloway, R. L., Broadfield, D. C. & Braun, A. R. (1998) Asymmetry of chimpanzee planum temporale: Human-like brain pattern of Wernicke's area homolog. Science 279:220–201. [aMCC, rMCC, RSF, GVJ]10.1126/science.279.5348.220CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, P. M. (1976) Birds, words, and a requiem for the omniscient informant. American Ethnologist 3:446–68. [TMP]10.1525/ae.1976.3.3.02a00040CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, P. M. (2000) Bicultural versatility as a frontier adaptation among Paliyan foragers of South India. Edwin Mellen Press. [TMP]Google Scholar
Gardner, P. M. (2002) Rethinking foragers’ handling of environmental and subsistence knowledge. Paper presented at the Ninth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 2002. [TMP]Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1969) Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science 165:664–72. [aMCC]10.1126/science.165.3894.664CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaur, A. (1984) A history of writing. British Library. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Gazzaniga, M. S. (2000) Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric communication: Does the corpus callosum enable the human condition? Brain 123:1293–326. [rMCC]10.1093/brain/123.7.1293CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gazzaniga, M. S. & Smylie, C. S. (1990) Hemispheric mechanisms controlling voluntary and spontaneous facial expressions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2:239–45. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geffen, G., Traub, E. & Stierman, I. (1978) Language laterality assessed by unilateral ECT and dichotic monitoring. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 41:354–60. [aMCC]10.1136/jnnp.41.4.354CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geschwind, N. & Galaburda, A. M. (1985a) Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology 42:428–59. [CF]10.1001/archneur.1985.04060050026008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geschwind, N. & Galaburda, A. M. (1985b) Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: II. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology 42:521–52. [CF]10.1001/archneur.1985.04060060019009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geschwind, N. & Galaburda, A. M. (1985c) Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology: III. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology 42:634–54. [CF]10.1001/archneur.1985.04060070024012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geschwind, N. & Levitsky, W. (1968) Human brain: Left-right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science 161:186–87. [aMCC, GJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gesell, A. & Ames, L. B. (1947) The development of handedness. Journal of Genetic Psychology 70:155–75. [DC]Google ScholarPubMed
Gibbons, A. (2002) In search of the first hominids. Science 295:1214–19. [aMCC]10.1126/science.295.5558.1214CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, K. R. & Jessee, S. (1999) Language evolution and expansions of multiple neurological processing areas. In: The origins of language: What nonhuman primates can tell us, ed. King, B. J. School of American Research Press. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Gillett, G. (1992) Representation, meaning and thought. Clarendon. [GRG]10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198239932.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givón, T. (1995) Functionalism and grammar. Benjamins. [aMCC]10.1075/z.74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goel, V., Buchel, C., Frith, C. & Dolan, R. J. (2000) Dissociation of mechanisms underlying syllogistic reasoning. Neuroimage 12:504–14. [GJ]10.1006/nimg.2000.0636CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goel, V., Gold, B., Kapur, S. & Houle, S. (1997) The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning. NeuroReport 8:1305–10. [GJ]10.1097/00001756-199703240-00049CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goel, V., Gold, B., Kapur, S. & Houle, S. (1998) Neuroanatomical correlates of human reasoning. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10:293–302. [GJ]10.1162/089892998562744CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, E. (2001) The executive brain. Oxford University Press. [NDC]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. & McNeill, D. (1999) The role of gesture and mimetic representation in making language the province of speech. In: The descent of mind, ed. Corballis, M. C. & Lea, S. E. G. Oxford University Press. [aMCC, RD]Google Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S., McNeill, D. & Singleton, J. (1996) Silence is liberating: Removing the handcuffs on grammatical expression and speech. Psychological Review 103:34–55. [aMCC, PF]10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldin-Meadow, S. & Mylander, C. (1998) Spontaneous sign systems created by deaf children in two cultures. Nature 391:279–81. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, S. R. & Young, C. A. (1996) “Evolutionnary” stable strategy of handedness in Major League Baseball. Journal of Comparative Psychology 110:164–69. [CF]10.1037/0735-7036.110.2.164CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Good, C. D., Johnsrude, I., Ashburner, J., Henson, R. N. A., Friston, K. J. & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (2001) Cerebral asymmetry and the effects of sex and handedness on brain structure: A voxel-based morphometric analysis of 465 normal adult human brains. Neuroimage 14:685–700. [SFW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodall, J. (1968) A preliminary report on expressive movements and communication in the Gombe Stream chimpanzees. In: Primate patterns, ed. Dolhinow, P. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [ACA]Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986) The chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behavior. Harvard University Press. [ACA, aMCC]Google Scholar
Goodwyn, S. & Acredolo, L. (1998) Encouraging symbolic gestures: Effects on the relationship between gesture and speech. In: The nature and function of gesture in children's communication, ed. Iverson, J. & Goldin-Meadow, S. Jossey-Bass. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Goodwyn, S., Acredolo, L. & Brown, C. (in press) The impact of symbolic gesturing on early language development. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Gould, R. A. (1968) Chipping stones in the outback. Natural History 77:42–49. [TMP]Google Scholar
Govind, C. K. (1989) Asymmetry in lobster claws. American Scientist 77:468–74. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Grafton, S. T., Arbib, M. A., Fadiga, L. & Rizzolatti, G. (1996) Localization of grasp representations in humans by positron emission tomography. 2. Observation compared with imagination. Experimental Brain Research 112:103–11. [SHJ-F]10.1007/BF00227183CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grafton, S. T., Fadiga, L., Arbib, M. A. & Rizzolatti, G. (1997) Premotor cortex activation during observation and naming of familiar tools. Neuroimage 6:231–36. [AR]10.1006/nimg.1997.0293CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graves, R. & Goodglass, H. (1982) Mouth asymmetry during spontaneous speech. Neuropsychologia 20:371–81. [aMCC]10.1016/0028-3932(82)90037-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graves, R. E. & Potter, S. M. (1988) Speaking from two sides of the mouth. Visible Language 22:129–37. [CC, arMCC]Google Scholar
Grezes, J., Costes, N. & Decety, J. (1998) Top down effect of the strategy to imitate on the brain areas engaged in perception of biological motion: A PET study. Cognitive Neuropsychology 15:553–82. [SHJ-F]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groënen, M. (1997a) La latéralisation dans les représentations de mains négatives paléolithiques. Manovre 14:31–59. [CF]Google Scholar
Groënen, M. (1997b) Ombre et lumières dans l’art des grottes. Université Libre de Bruxelles. [CF]Google Scholar
Grouios, G., Sakadami, N., Poderi, A. & Alevriadou, A. (1999) Excess of non-right handedness among individuals with intellectual disability: Experimental evidence and possible explanations. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 43:306–13. [CF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grouios, G., Tsorbatzoudis, H., Alexandris, K. & Barkoukis, V. (2000) Do lefthanded competitors have an innate superiority in sports? Perceptual and Motor Skills 90:1273–82. [CF]10.2466/pms.2000.90.3c.1273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guilaine, J. & Zammit, J. (2001) Les sentiers de la guerre – Visages de la violence préhistorique. Le Seuil. [CF]Google Scholar
Güntürkün, O. (2002) Adult persistence of head-turning asymmetry. Nature 421:712. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Gur, R. C., Packer, I. K., Hungerbuhler, J. P., Reivich, M., Obrist, W. D., Amarnek, W. S. & Sackheim, H. A. (1980) Differences in the distribution of gray and white matter in human cerebral hemispheres. Science 207:1226–28. [RSF]10.1126/science.7355287CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haas, J., ed. (1990) The anthropology of war. Cambridge University Press. [CF]Google Scholar
Hadar, U., Burstein, A., Krauss, R. & Soroker, A. (1998a) Ideational gestures and speech in brain-damaged subjects. Language and Cognitive Processes 13:59–76. [PF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadar, U., Wenkert-Olenik, D., Krauss, R. & Soroker, N. (1998b) Gesture and the processing of speech: Neuropsychological evidence. Brain and Language 62:107–26. [PF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamada, H., Meno, C., Watanabe, D. & Saijoh, Y. (2002) Establishment of vertebrate left-right asymmetry. Nature Reviews Genetics, 3(2):103–13. [SFW]10.1038/nrg732CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanlon, R. E., Brown, J. W. & Gerstman, L. J. (1990) Enhancement of naming in nonfluent aphasia through gesture. Brain and Language 38:298–314. [CB]10.1016/0093-934X(90)90116-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrington, F. & Mech, L. David (1978) Wolf vocalization. In: Wolf and Man, ed. Hall, R. & Sharp, H.. Academic Press. [ACA]Google Scholar
Harris, L. J. (1993) Do left handers die sooner than right handers? Commentary. Psychological Bulletin 114:203–34. [rMCC]10.1037/0033-2909.114.2.203CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harris, L. J. & Carlson, D. F. (1988) Pathological left-handedness: An analysis of theories and evidence. In: Brain lateralization in children, ed. Molfese, D. L. & Segalowitz, S. J. Guilford. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Hast, M. H., Fischer, J. M., Wetzel, A. B. & Thompson, V. E. (1974) Cortical motor representation of the laryngeal muscles in Macaca mulatto. Brain Research 73:229–40. [UJ]10.1016/0006-8993(74)91046-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D. (1996) The evolution of communication. Bradford Books/MIT Press. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D. & Anderson, K. (1994) Functional lateralization for auditory temporal processing in adult, but not infant rhesus monkeys: Field experiments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91:3946–48. [aMCC]10.1073/pnas.91.9.3946CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W. T. (2002) The faculty of language: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science 298:1569–79. [AAB, CB, GJ, JLB]10.1126/science.298.5598.1569CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser, M. D., Teixidor, P., Field, L. & Flaherty, R. (1993) Food-elicited calls in chimpanzees: Effects of food quantity and divisibility. Animal Behaviour 45:817–19. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, M. D. & Wrangham, R. W. (1987) Manipulation of food calls in captive chimpanzees. A preliminary report. Folio Primatologica 48:207–10. [aMCC]10.1159/000156298CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hautzel, H., Mottaghy, F. M., Schmidt, D., Zemb, M., Shah, N. J., Muller-Gartner, H. W. & Krause, B. J. (2002) Topographic segregation and convergence of verbal, object, shape and spatial working memory in humans. Neuroscience Letters 323:156–60. [GJ]10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00125-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayaki, H. (1990) Social context of pant-grunting in young chimpanzees. In: The chimpanzees of the Mahale mountains, ed. Nishida, T. University of Tokyo Press. [ACA]Google Scholar
Hayes, C. (1952) The ape in our house. Gollancz. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Heffner, H. E. & Heffner, R. S. (1984) Temporal lobe lesions and perception of species-specific vocalizations by Japanese macaques. Science 226:75–76. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heffner, H. E. & Heffner, R. S. (1990) Role of primary auditory cortex in hearing. In: Comparative perception, vol. 2: Complex signals, ed. Berkely, M. A. & Stebbins, W. C. Wiley. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Hepper, P. G., MaCartney, G. R. & Shannon, I. A. (1998) Lateralised behaviour in the first trimester human fetuses. Neuropsychologia 36:531–34. [LR]10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00156-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hepper, P. G., Shahidullah, S. & White, R. (1991) Handedness in the human fetus. Neuropsychologia 29:1107–11. [LR]10.1016/0028-3932(91)90080-RCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hewes, G. W. (1973a) An explicit formulation of the relationship between tool-using, tool-making and the emergence of language. Visible Language 7:101–27. [AR]Google Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1973b) Primate communication and the gestural origin of language. Current Anthropology 14:5–24. [aMCC, RSF, AR]10.1086/201401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heyes, C. (2001) Causes and consequences of imitation. Trends in Cognitive Science 5:253–61. [SHJ-F]10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01661-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hickok, G., Love-Geffen, T. & Klima, E. S. (2002) Role of the left hemisphere in sign language comprehension. Brain and Language 82:167–78. [BW]10.1016/S0093-934X(02)00013-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobert, O., Johnston, R. J. & Chang, S. (2002) Left-right asymmetry in the nervous system: The Caenorhabditis elegans model. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3:629–40. [SFW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollman, S. D. & Hutchison, J. B. (1994) Is sexual-aggressive communication related to asymmetrical mechanisms in the brain? Aggressive Behavior 20:223–34. [aMCC, UJ]10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:3<223::AID-AB2480200309>3.0.CO;2-03.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1967) The evolution of the human brain: Some notes toward a synthesis between neural structure and the evolution of complex behavior. General Systems XII:3–19. [RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1969) Culture: A human domain. Current Anthropology 10(4):395–412. [RLH]10.1086/201036CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1981) Culture, symbols, and human brain evolution: A synthesis. Dialectical Anthropology 5:287–303. [RLH]10.1007/BF00246207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, R. L. (1983) Human paleonotological evidence relevant to language behavior. Human Neurobiology 2:105–14. [AAB, aMCC]Google ScholarPubMed
Holloway, R. L. (1996) Evolution of the human brain. In: Handbook of human symbolic evolution, ed. Lock, A. & Peters, C. R. Oxford University Press. [DC, RLH]Google Scholar
Holloway, R. L. & de LaCoste-Lareymondie, M. C. (1982) Brain endocast asymmetry in pongids and hominids: Some preliminary findings of the paleontology of cerebral dominance. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 58:101–10. [RLH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holowka, S. & Petitto, L. A. (2002) Left hemisphere cerebral specialization for babies while babbling. Science 297:1515. [rMCC]10.1126/science.1074941CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hommel, B., Muesseler, J., Aschersleben, G. & Prinz, W. (2001) The theory of event coding (TEC): A framework for perception and action planning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24:849–937. [RD]10.1017/S0140525X01000103CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hook-Costigan, M. A. & Rogers, L. J. (1998) Lateralized use of the mouth in production of vocalizations by marmosets. Neuropsychologia 36:1265–73. [aMCC, RSF, UJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, B., Lems, W., Janssen, B. & Butterworth, G. (1987) Postural and motor asymmetries in newlyborns. Human Neurobiology 6:153–56. [LR]Google ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, B. & Rönnqvist, L. (1998) Human handedness: Developmental and evolutionary perspectives. In: The development of sensory, motor and cognitive capacities in early infancy: From sensation to cognition, ed. Simion, F. & Butterworth, G. F. Psychology Press. [LR]Google Scholar
Hopkins, B. & Rönnqvist, L. (2002) Facilitating postural control: Effects on reaching behavior of 6-month-old infants. Developmental Psychobiology 40:168–82. [LR]10.1002/dev.10021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D. (1993) Posture and reaching in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology 107:162–68. [AVP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D. (1996) Chimpanzee handedness revisited: 55 years since Finch (1941). Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 3:449–57. [aMCC, AVP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D. & Cantalupo, C. (in press) Individual and setting differences in the hand preferences of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A critical analysis and some alternative explanations. Laterality. [WDH]Google Scholar
Hopkins, W. D., Cantalupo, C., Wesley, M. J., Hostetter, A. B. & Pilcher, D. L. (2002) Grip morphology and hand use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence of a left hemisphere specialization in motor skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology; General 131:412–23. [JLB]10.1037/0096-3445.131.3.412CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D. & Cantero, M. (in press) From hand to mouth in the evolution of language: The influence of vocal behavior on lateralized hand use in manual gestures by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Developmental Science. [WDH, DAL]Google Scholar
Hopkins, W. D., Dahl, J. F. & Pilcher, D. (2001) Genetic influence on the expression of hand preferences in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence in support of the right shift theory and developmental instability. Psychological Science 12:299–303. [aMCC]10.1111/1467-9280.00355CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D., Hook, M., Braccini, S. & Schapiro, S. J. (in press) Population-level right handedness for a coordinated bimanual task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Replication and extension in a second colony of apes. International Journal of Primatology. [WDH]Google Scholar
Hopkins, W. D. & Leavens, D. A. (1998) Hand use and gestural communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 112:95–99. [aMCC, WDH, DAL]10.1037/0735-7036.112.1.95CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D., Marino, L., Rilling, J. K. & MacGregor, L. A. (1998) Planum temporale asymmetries in great apes as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuroreport 9:2913–18. [aMCC, WDH]10.1097/00001756-199808240-00043CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D. & Pilcher, D. A. (2001) Neuroanatomical localization of the motor hand area with magnetic resonance imaging: The left hemisphere is larger in great apes. Behavioral Neuroscience 115:1159–64. [WDH]10.1037/0735-7044.115.5.1159CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkins, W. D. & Wesley, M. J. (2002) Gestural communication in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Influence of experimenter position on gesture type and hand preference. Laterality 7:19–30. [DAL]10.1080/13576500143000113CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hostetter, A. B., Cantero, M. & Hopkins, W. D. (2001) Differential use of vocal and gestural communication in response to the attentional status of a human. Journal of Comparative Psychology 115:337–43. [DAL]10.1037/0735-7036.115.4.337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hostetter, A. B. & Hopkins, W. D. (2002) The effect of thought structure on the production of lexical movements. Brain and Language 82:22–29. [PF]10.1016/S0093-934X(02)00009-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houdé, O., Zago, L., Mellet, E., Moutier, S., Pineau, A., Mazoyer, B. & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2000) Shifting from the perceptual brain to the logical brain: The impact of cognitive inhibition training. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12:721–28. [GJ]10.1162/089892900562525CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, G. R., Corballis, M. C. & Gray, R. D. (2001) Species-level laterality in crow tool manufacture. Nature 414:707. [rMCC]10.1038/414707aCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurford, J. R. (2003) Language beyond our grasp: What mirror neurons can, and cannot do, for language evolution. In: The evolution of communication systems: A comparative approach, ed. Kimbrough Oller, D., Griebel, U. & Plunkett, K. MIT Press. [TED]Google Scholar
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C. & Rizzolatti, G. (1999) Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science 286:2526–28. [SHJ-F, GJ]10.1126/science.286.5449.2526CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingman, M., Kaessmann, H., Pääbo, S. & Gyllensten, U. (2000) Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature 208:708–13. [aMCC]10.1038/35047064CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingmanson, E. (1996) Hand use preference among Pan paniscus at Wamba, Zaire. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 22:129. [WDH]Google Scholar
Inoue-Nakamura, N. & Matsuzawa, T. (1997) Development of stone tool use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 111:159–73. [ACA, aMCC]10.1037/0735-7036.111.2.159CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iverson, J. M. (2003) Infant vocal-motor coordination: Precursor to the gesturespeech system? (under review). [JMI]Google Scholar
Iverson, J. M. & Goldin-Meadow, S. (1998) Why people gesture when they speak. Nature 396:228. [rMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iverson, J. M. & Thelen, E. (1999) Hand, mouth, and brain: The dynamic emergence of speech and gesture. Journal of Consciousness Studies 6:19–40. [JMI]Google Scholar
Jackendoff, R. (2002) Foundations of language: Brain, meaning, grammar, evolution. Oxford University Press. [DFA]10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198270126.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jäncke, L., & Steinmetz, H. (1993) Auditory lateralization and planum temporale asymmetry. NeuroReport 5:169–72. [aMCC]10.1097/00001756-199311180-00019CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeannerod, M. (1994) The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17:187–245. [GVJ]10.1017/S0140525X00034026CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeannerod, M. (1997) The cognitive neuroscience of action. Blackwell. [GVJ]Google Scholar
Johnson-Frey, S. H., Maloof, F. R., Newman-Norlund, R., Farrer, C., Inati, S. & Grafton, S. G. (in press). Actions or hand-object interactions? Human inferior frontal cortex and action observation. Neuron. [SHJ-F]Google Scholar
Jones, G. V. & Martin, M. (2000) A note on Corballis (1997) and the genetics and evolution of handedness: Developing a unified distributional model from the sex-chromosomes gene hypothesis. Psychological Review 107:213–18. [GVJ]10.1037/0033-295X.107.1.213CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, G. V. & Martin, M. (2001) Confirming the X-linked handedness gene as recessive, not additive: Reply to Corballis (2001). Psychological Review 108:811–13. [GVJ]10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.811CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, R. K. (1966) Observations on stammering after localized cerebral injury. Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgical Psychiatry 29:192–95. [RSF]10.1136/jnnp.29.3.192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonides, J., Smith, E. E., Marshuetz, C., Koeppe, R. A. & Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (1998) Inhibition in verbal working memory revealed by brain activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 95:8410–13. [GJ]10.1073/pnas.95.14.8410CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Josse, G., Crivello, F., Mazoyer, B. & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2002) Left planum temporale surface correlates with cortical activated network during language comprehension and production. Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain. Neuroimage 10:151. [GJ]Google Scholar
Jürgens, U., Kirzinger, A. & von Cramon, D. (1982) The effect of deep-reaching lesions in the cortical face area on phonation: A combined case report and experimental monkey study. Cortex 18:125–40. [aMCC]10.1016/S0010-9452(82)80024-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U. & Zwirner, P. (2000) Individual hemispheric asymmetry in vocal fold control of the squirrel monkey. Behavioural Brain Research 109:213–17. [rMCC, UJ]10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00176-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karnath, H.-O., Ferber, S. & Himmelbach, M. (2001) Spatial awareness is a function of the temporal lobe not the posterior parietal lobe. Nature 411:950–53. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, R. F., Cartmill, M. & Barlow, M. (1998) The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95:5417–19. [aMCC, RLH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ke, Y., Su, B., Song, X., Lu, D., Chen, L., Li, H., Qi, C., Marzuki, S., Deka, R., Underhill, P., et al. (2001) African origin of modern humans in East Asia: A tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes. Science 292:1151–53. [aMCC]10.1126/science.1060011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, S. D. (2001) Broadening the units of analysis in communication: Speech and nonverbal behaviours in pragmatic comprehension. Journal of Child Language 28:325–49. [SDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, S. D. (2003) Putting language back in the body: The influence of hand gesture on language production and comprehension. Paper presented at the Acoustic Ecology Conference at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, January 2003. [SDK]Google Scholar
Kelly, S. D., Barr, D., Church, R. B. & Lynch, K. (1999) Offering a hand to pragmatic understanding: The role of speech and gesture in comprehension and memory. Journal of Memory and Language 40:577–92. [SDK]10.1006/jmla.1999.2634CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendon, A. (1991) Some considerations for a theory of language origins. Man 26:199–221. [RD]10.2307/2803829CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, D. N., Lange, N., Makris, N., Bates, J., Meyer, J. & Caviness, V. S. (1998) Gyri of the human neocortex: An MRI-based analysis of volume and variance. Cerebral Cortex 8:372–84. [SFW]10.1093/cercor/8.4.372CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, D. N., O’Craven, K. M., Ticho, B. S., Goldstein, A. M., Makris, N. & Henson, J. W. (1999) Structural and functional brain asymmetries in human situs inversus totalis. Neurology 53:1260–65. [SFW]10.1212/WNL.53.6.1260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. (1973a) Manual activity while speaking: I. Right-handers. Neuropsychologia 11:45–50. [arMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. (1973b) Manual activity while speaking: II. Left-handers. Neuropsychologia 11:51–55. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. (1976) The neural basis of language qua gesture. In: Studies in neurolinguistics, vol. 2, ed. Whitaker, H. & Whitaker, H. A. Academic Press. [CC]Google Scholar
Kimura, D. (1982) Left hemisphere control of oral and brachial movements and their relationship to communication. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 298:135–49. [CC]Google Scholar
Kimura, D. (1993) Neuromotor mechanisms in human communication. Oxford University Press. [LR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. & Archibald, Y. (1974) Motor functions of the left hemisphere. Brain 97:337–50. [CC]10.1093/brain/97.1.337CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinsbourne, M. (1971) The minor cerebral hemisphere as a source of aphasic speech. Archives of Neurology 254:302–306. [IECS]10.1001/archneur.1971.00490040028003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klima, E. & Bellugi, E. (1979) The signs of language. Harvard University Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
Knecht, S., Dräger, B., Deppe, M., Bobe, L., Lohmann, H., Flöel, A., Ringelstein, E.-B. & Henningsen, H. (2000) Handedness and hemispheric language dominance in healthy humans. Brain 123:2512–18. [arMCC, IECS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knecht, S., Dräger, B., Floel, A., Lohmann, H., Breitenstein, C., Deppe, M., Henningsen, H. & Ringelstein, E. B. (2001) Behavioural relevance of atypical language lateralization in healthy subjects. Brain 124:1657–65. [SFW]10.1093/brain/124.8.1657CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knecht, S., Floel, A., Dräger, B., Breitenstein, C., Sommer, J., Henningsen, H., Ringelstein, E. B. & Pascual-Leone, A. (2002) Degree of language lateralization determines susceptibility to unilateral brain lesions. Nature Neuroscience 5:695–99. [CB, SFW]10.1038/nn868CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, C. (1998) Ritual/speech coevolution: A solution to the problem of deception. In: Approaches to the evolution of language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., & Knight, C. Cambridge University Press. [aMCC, CK]Google Scholar
Knight, C. (1999) Sex and language as pretend-play. In: The evolution of culture, ed. Dunbar, R., Knight, C. & Power, C. Edinburgh University Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Knight, C. (2000) Play as precursor of phonology and syntax. In: The evolutionary emergence of language. Social function and the origins of linguistic form, ed. Knight, C. D., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Hurford, J. R. Cambridge University Press. [CK]10.1017/CBO9780511606441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, C. (2002) Language and revolutionary consciousness. In: The transition to language, ed. Wray, A. Oxford University Press. [CK]Google Scholar
Kobayashi, H. & Kohshima, S. (2001) Unique morphology of the human eye and its adaptive meaning: Comparative studies on external morphology of the human eye. Journal of Human Evolution 40:419–35. [aMCC, CK]10.1006/jhev.2001.0468CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltà, M. A., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V. & Rizzolatti, G. (2002) Hearing sounds, understanding actions: Action representation in mirror neurons. Science 297:846–48. [UJ, AR, LR]10.1126/science.1070311CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Konishi, S., Hayashi, T., Uchida, I., Kikyo, H., Takahashi, E. & Miyashita, Y. (2002) Hemispheric asymmetry in human lateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive set shifting. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 99:7803–808. [GJ]10.1073/pnas.122644899CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konishi, S., Nakajima, K., Uchida, I., Kameyama, M., Nakahara, K., Sekihara, K. & Miyashita, Y. (1998a) Transient activation of inferior prefrontal cortex during cognitive set shifting. Nature Neuroscience 1:80–84. [GJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konishi, S., Nakajima, K., Uchida, I., Kikyo, H., Kameyama, M. & Miyashita, Y. (1999) Common inhibitory mechanism in human inferior prefrontal cortex revealed by event-related functional MRI. Brain 122:981–91. [GJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konishi, S., Nakajima, K., Uchida, I., Sekihara, K. & Miyashita, Y. (1998b) No-go dominant brain activity in human inferior prefrontal cortex revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. European Journal of Neuroscience 10:1209–13. [GJ]10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00167.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, M. A. & Fouts, R. S. (1997) Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) pointing: Hand shapes, accuracy, and the role of eye gaze. Journal of Comparative Psychology 111:330–36. [DAL]10.1037/0735-7036.111.4.330CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krauss, R. M., Dushay, R. A., Chen, Y. & Rauscher, F. (1995) The communicative value of conversational hand gestures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 31:533–52. [RD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kutas, M. & Hillyard, S. A. (1980) Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruities. Science 207:203–205. [SDK]10.1126/science.7350657CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuypers, H. G. J. M. (1985) The anatomical and functional organization of the motor system. In: Scientific basis of clinical neurology, ed. Swash, M. & Kennard, C. Churchill Livingstone. [LR]Google Scholar
Lai, C. S., Fisher, S. E., Hurst, J. A., Vargha-Khadem, F. & Monaco, A. P. (2001) A novel forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder. Nature 413:519–23. [rMCC]10.1038/35097076CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laland, K. N., Kumm, J., van Horn, J. D. & Feldman, M. W. (1995) A gene-culture model of human handedness. Behavior Genetics 25:433–45. [AAB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lalueza, C. & Frayer, D. W. (1997) Non-dietary marks in the anterior dentition of the Krapina neanderthals. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 7:133–49. [CF]Google Scholar
Larsen, B., Skinhoj, E. & Lassen, N. (1978) Variations in regional cortical blood flow in the right and left hemispheres during automatic speech. Brain 101:193–209. [CC]10.1093/brain/101.2.193CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lausberg, H., Davis, M. & Rothenhäusler, A. (2000) Hemispheric specialization in spontaneous gesticulation in a patient with callosal disconnection. Neuropsychologia 38:1654–63. [PF]10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00071-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leakey, L. S. B., Tobias, P. V. & Naiber, J. R. (1964) A new species of the genus Homo from Olduvai gorge. Nature 202:7–9. [LR]10.1038/202007a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leakey, M. G., Feibel, C. S., McDougall, I. & Walker, A. (1995) New four-million-year-old hominid species from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. Nature 376:565–71. [AAB]10.1038/376565a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leavens, D. A. (2001) Communicating about distal objects: An experimental investigation of factors influencing gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia. [DAL]Google Scholar
Leavens, D. A. & Hopkins, W. D. (1998) Intentional communication by chimpanzees: A cross-sectional study of the use of referential gestures. Developmental Psychology 34:813–22. [DAL]10.1037/0012-1649.34.5.813CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leavens, D. A., Hopkins, W. D. & Bard, K. A. (1996) Indexical and referential pointing in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 110:346–53. [DAL]10.1037/0735-7036.110.4.346CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leavens, D. A., Hostetter, A. B., Wesley, M. J. & Hopkins, W. D. (in press) Tactical use of unimodal and bimodal communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animal Behaviour. [DAL]Google Scholar
Lehner, P. (1978) Coyote communication. In: Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management, ed. Bekoff, M. Academic Press. [ACA]Google Scholar
Lessell, S. (1986) Handedness and esotropia. Archives of Ophthalmology 104:1492–94. [AR]10.1001/archopht.1986.01050220086033CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levelt, W. J. M., Richardson, G. & La Heij, W. (1985) Pointing and voicing in deictic expressions. Journal of Memory and Language 24:133–64. [PF]10.1016/0749-596X(85)90021-XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, M. & Mercola, M. (1998) The compulsion of chirality: Toward an understanding of left-right asymmetry. Genes and Development 6:763–69. [IECS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lew, A. R. & Butterworth, G. (1997) The development of hand-mouth coordination in 2- to 5-month-old infants: Similarities with reaching and grasping. Infant Behavior and Development 20:59–69. [JMI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewin, R. (1998) Principles of human evolution: A core textbook. Blackwell Science. [DC]Google Scholar
Liberman, A. M. & Whalen, D. H. (2000) On the relation of speech to language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4:187–96. [aMCC, IECS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, D. (1998) Sphenoid shortening and the evolution of the modern human cranial shape. Nature 393:158–62. [aMCC]10.1038/30227CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieberman, D. (1999) Learning, behavior, and cognition, 3rd edition. Wadsworth. [LW]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P. (1998) Eve spoke: Human language and human evolution. Norton. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Lieberman, P., Crelin, E. S. & Klatt, D. H. (1972) Phonetic ability and related anatomy of the new-born, adult human, Neanderthal man, and the chimpanzee. American Anthropologist 74:287–307. [aMCC]10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liepmann, H. (1913/1979) Motorisch Aphasie und Apraxie. Monatschift. fur Psychiatrie und Neurologie 34. (Translated by G. H. Eggert and reproduced in Aphasia-Apraxia-Agnosia 1:53–59.. [CC]Google Scholar
Lock, A. J. (1980) The guided reinvention of language. Academic. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Locke, J. L., Bekken, K. E., McMinn-Larson, L. & Wein, D. (1995) Emergent control of manual and vocal-motor activity in relation to the development of speech. Brain and Language 51:498–508. [JMI]10.1006/brln.1995.1073CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loew, R., Kegl, J. A. & Poizner, H. (1997) Fractionation of the components of roleplay in a right-lesioned signer. Aphasiology 11:263–81. [BW]10.1080/02687039708248469CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luppino, G., Murata, A., Govoni, P. and Matelli, M. (1999) Largely segregated parietofrontal connections linking rostral intraparietal cortex (areas AIP and VIP) and the ventral premotor cortex (areas F5 and F4). Experimental Brain Research 128:181–87. [SHJ-F]10.1007/s002210050833CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luschei, E. S. & Goldberg, L. J. (1981) Neural mechanisms of mandibular control: Mastication and voluntary biting. In: Handbook of physiology: The nervous system, vol. 2. American Physiological Society. [aMCC]Google Scholar
MacLarnon, A. & Hewitt, G. (1999) The evolution of human speech: The role of enhanced breathing control. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 109:341–63. [aMCC, RLH]10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<341::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-23.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maclean, P. D. (1980) The triune brain evolving. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 52:251. [rMCC]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. (1998) The frame/content theory of evolution of speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21:499–546. [MAA, aMCC, RSF, PFM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2000a) On the origin of internal structure of word forms. Science 288:527–31. [PFM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2000b) Evolution of speech: The relation between ontogeny and phylogeny. In: The evolutionary emergence of language, ed. Knight, C. & Hurford, J. R.. Cambridge University Press. [PFM]Google Scholar
MacNeilage, P. F. & Davis, B. L. (2001) Motor mechanisms in speech ontogeny: Phylogenetic, neurobiological and linguistic implications. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11:696–700. [PFM]10.1016/S0959-4388(01)00271-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacNeilage, P. F., Studdert-Kennedy, M. G. & Lindblom, B. (1987) Primate handedness reconsidered. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:247–303. [aMCC, CF]10.1017/S0140525X00047695CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacSweeney, M., Calvert, G. A., Campbell, R., McGuire, P. K., David, A. S., Williams, S. C. R., Woll, B. & Brammer, M. J. (2002) Speechreading circuits in people born deaf. Neuropsychologia 40:801–807. [BW]10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00180-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacSweeney, M., Campbell, R., Calvert, G. A., McGuire, P. K., David, A. S., Suckling, J., Andrew, C., Woll, B. & Brammer, M. J. (2001) Dispersed activation in the left temporal cortex for speech-reading in congenitally deaf people. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 268:451–57. [BW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maess, B., Koelsch, S., Gunter, T. C. & Friederici, A. D. (2001) Musical syntax is processed in Broca's area: An MEG study. Nature Neuroscience 4:540–45. [aMCC]10.1038/87502CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malcolm, N. (1958) Ludwig Wittgenstein: A memoir. Oxford University Press. [AC-M]Google Scholar
Marks, J. (2002) What it means to be 98% chimpanzee: Apes, people, and their genes. University of California Press. [ACA]Google Scholar
Marler, P. & Tenaza, R. (1977) Signaling behavior of apes with special reference to vocalization. In: How animals communicate, ed. Sebeok, T. A. Indiana University Press. [ACA]Google Scholar
Marshall, A. J., Wrangham, R. W. & Arcadi, A. C. (1999) Does learning affect the structure of vocalizations in chimpanzees? Animal Behaviour 58:825–30. [ACA, aMCC]10.1006/anbe.1999.1219CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marshall, J., Atkinson, J. A., Smulovich, E., Thacker, A. & Woll, B. (in press) Aphasia in a user of British Sign Language: Dissociation between sign and gesture. Cognitive Neuropsychology. [BW]Google Scholar
Martin, M. & Jones, G. V. (1998) Generalizing everyday memory: Signs and handedness. Memory and Cognition 26:193–200. [GVJ]10.3758/BF03201132CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, M. & Jones, G. V. (1999) Motor imagery theory of a contralateral handedness effect in recognition memory: Toward a chiral psychology of cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 128:265–82. [GVJ]10.1037/0096-3445.128.3.265CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marx, K. & Engels, F. (1939) The German ideology, ed. Arthur, C. J. Lawrence and Wishart. [GRG]Google Scholar
Marzke, M. W. & Shackley, M. S. (1986) Hominid hand use in the Pliocene and Pleistocene: Evidence from experimental archaeology and comparative morphology. Journal of Human Evolution 15:439–60. [AAB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matelli, M., Luppino, G. & Rizzolatti, G. (1985) Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of macaque monkey. Behavioural Brain Research 18:125–36. [UJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayberry, R. I., Jaques, J. & Dede, G. (1998) What stuttering reveals about the development of the gesture-speech relationship. New Directions for Child Development 79:77–87. [CB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBrearty, S. & Brooks, A. S. (2000) The revolution that wasn’t: A new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. Journal of Human Evolution 39:453–563. [rMCC]10.1006/jhev.2000.0435CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCune, L., RougHellichius, L., Vihman, M. M., Delery, D. B. & Gogate, L. (1996) Grunt communication in human infants (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology 110:27–37. [rMCC]10.1037/0735-7036.110.1.27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. & Marchant, L. F. (1997) On the other hand: Current issues in a meta-analysis of the behavioural laterality of hand function in nonhuman primates. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 40:201–32. [aMCC, UJ, AVP]10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(1997)25+<201::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-63.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. & Marchant, L. F. (2001) Ethological study of manual laterality in the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Behaviour 138:329–58. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGurk, H. & MacDonald, J. (1976) Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 264:746–48. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKeever, W. F. (2000) A new family handedness sample with findings consistent with X-linked transmission. British Journal of Psychology 91:21–39. [GVJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McManus, I. C. (1985a) Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: A genetic model. Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement 8. [AAB, rMCC, GVJ]10.1017/S0264180100001879CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McManus, I. C. (1985b) Right- and left-hand skill: Failure of the right shift model. British Journal of Psychology 76:1–34. [AR]10.1111/j.2044-8295.1985.tb01926.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McManus, I. C. (1999) Handedness, cerebral lateralization, and the evolution of language. In: The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution, ed. Corballis, M. C. & Lea, S. E. G. Oxford University Press. [arMCC, GVJ]Google Scholar
McManus, I. C. (2002a) Left hand, right hand. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. [rMCC]Google Scholar
McManus, I. C. (2002b) Right hand, left hand. In: Folk physics for apes: The chimpanzee's theory of how the world works, ed. Povinelli, D. J Oxford University Press. [LW]Google Scholar
McManus, I. C. & Bryden, M. P. (1991) Geschwind's theory of cerebral lateralization: Developing a formal, causal model. Psychological Bulletin 110:237–53. [CF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McManus, I. C. & Bryden, M. P. (1992) The genetics of handedness, cerebral dominance and lateralization. In: Handbook of neuropsychology, vol. 6, ed. Rapin, I. & Segalowitz, S. J. Elsevier. [GVJ]Google Scholar
McManus, I. C., Murray, B., Doyle, K. & Baron-Cohen, S. (1992) Handedness in childhood autism shows a dissociation of skill and preference. Cortex 28:373–81. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McManus, I. C., Sik, G., Cole, D. R., Mellon, A. F., Wong, J. & Kloss, J. (1988) The development of handedness in children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 6:257–73. [DC]10.1111/j.2044-835X.1988.tb01099.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeill, D. (1985) So you think gestures are nonverbal?’ Psychological Review 92:350–71. [arMCC, SDK]10.1037/0033-295X.92.3.350CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeill, D. (1992) Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought. Chicago University Press. [PF]Google Scholar
Meaburn, E., Dale, P. S., Craig, I. W. & Plomin, R. (2002) Language-impaired children: No sign of the FOXP2 mutation. NeuroReport 13:1075–77. [SFW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meier, R. P. & Newport, E. L. (1990) Out of the hands of babes: On a possible sign language advantage in language acquisition. Language 66:1–23. [arMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meister, I. G., Boroojerdi, B., Foltays, H., Sparing, R., Huber, W. & Töpper, R. (2003) Motor cortex hand area and speech: Implications for the development of language. Neuropsychologia 41:401–406. [rMCC]10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00179-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mellars, P. (1989) Major issues in the emergence of modern humans. Current Anthropology 30:349–85. [aMCC]10.1086/203755CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellars, P. (2002) Archaeology and the origins of modern humans: European and African perspectives. In: The speciation of modern Homo Sapiens, ed. Crow, T. J. Oxford University Press. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Meltzoff, A. N. & Moor, M. K. (1992) Early imitation within a functional framework: The importance of personal identity, movement and development. Infant Behavior and Development 15:479–505. [LR]10.1016/0163-6383(92)80015-MCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mercola, M. & Levin, M. (2001) Left-right asymmetry determination in vertebrates. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 17:779–805. [SFW]10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.779CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michel, G. F. (1981) Right handedness: A consequence of infant supine headorientation preference? Science 212:685–87. [GFM, LR]10.1126/science.7221558CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michel, G. F. (1998) A lateral bias in the neuropsychological functioning of human infants. Developmental Neuropsychology 14:445–69. [GFM]10.1080/87565649809540723CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michel, G. F. (2003) Development of intermanual transfer of the texture, shape, and temperature of objects from seven to eleven months of age. Paper presented at the New Data and Techniques in Developmental Psychobiology Symposium conducted at the 18th Annual Winter Conference on Current Issues in Developmental Psychobiology, Ocho Rios, Jamaica, January 2003. [GFM]Google Scholar
Michel, G. F. & Harkins, D. A. (1986) Postural and lateral asymmetries in the ontogeny of handedness during infancy. Developmental Psychobiology 19:247–58. [GFM]10.1002/dev.420190310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Michel, G. F. & Moore, C. L. (1995) Developmental psychobiology: An interdisciplinary science. MIT Press. [GFM]10.7551/mitpress/2392.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michel, G. F., Sheu, C.-F. & Brumley, M. R. (2001) Evidence of a right-shift factor affecting hand-use preferences from seven- to eleven-months of age as revealed by latent class analysis. Devevelopmental Psychobiology 41:1–12. [GFM]Google Scholar
Michel, G. F., Sheu, C.-L. & Hinojosa, T. (2003) The distribution of hand-use preferences for obtaining objects for 7- to 13-month-old infants (under review). [GFM]Google Scholar
Miles, H. L. (1990) The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan. In: Language and intelligence in monkeys and apes, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R. Cambridge University Press. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Milner, B. (1974) Hemispheric specialization: Scopes and limits. In: The neurosciences, vol. 3, ed. Schmidt, F. O. & Worden, F. MIT Press. [CC]Google Scholar
Milner, B. (1975) Psychological aspects of focal epilepsy and its neurosurgical management. In: Advances in neurology, vol. 8, ed. Purpura, D. P. & Walters, R. D. Raven. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Milner, B., Branch, C. & Rasmussen, T. (1966) Evidence for bilateral speech representation in some non-righthanders. Transactions of the American Neurological Association 91:306–308. [CC]Google Scholar
Mitani, J. C. & Brandt, K. L. (1994) Social factors influence the acoustic variability in the long-distance calls of male chimpanzees. Ethology 96:233–52. [ACA]10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb01012.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitani, J. C., Hasegawa, T., Gros-Louis, J., Marler, P. & Byrne, R. (1992) Dialects in wild chimpanzees? American Journal of Primatology 27:233–43. [ACA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitani, J. C. Hunley, K. L. & Murdoch, M. E. (1999) Geographic variation in the calls of wild chimpanzees: A reassessment. American Journal of Primatology 47:133–51. [ACA, arMCC]10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1999)47:2<133::AID-AJP4>3.0.CO;2-I3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitani, J. C. & Nishida, T. (1993) Contexts and social correlates of long-distance calling by male chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour 45:735–46. [ACA]10.1006/anbe.1993.1088CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohr, J. P., Pessin, M. S., Finkelstein, S., Funkenstein, H. H., Duncan, G. W. & Davis, K. R. (1978) Broca aphasia: Pathologic and clinical. Neurology 28:311–24. [AAB]10.1212/WNL.28.4.311CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monk, R. (1990) Ludwig Wittgenstein: The duty of genius. Penguin. [GRG]Google Scholar
Morford, M. & Goldin-Meadow, S. (1992) Comprehension and production of gesture in combination with one-word speakers. Journal of Child Language 19:559–80. [SDK]10.1017/S0305000900011569CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, M. J. (1991) The asymmetrical genetic determination of laterality: Flatfish, frogs and human handedness. In: Biological asymmetry and handedness, ed. Bock, G. R. & Marsh, J. Wiley. [aMCC]Google ScholarPubMed
Morgan, M. J. & Corballis, M. C. (1978) On the biological basis of human laterality: II. The mechanisms of inheritance. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:269–77. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Morrow, P. (1990) Symbolic actions, indirect expressions: Limits to interpretations of Yup’ik society. Inuit Studies 14:141–58. [TMP]Google Scholar
Mueller, U. & Mazur, A. (2001) Evidence of unconstrained directional selection for male tallness. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 50:302–11. [CF]10.1007/s002650100370CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neidle, C., Kegl, J., MacLaughlin, D., Bahan, B. & Lee, R. G. (2000) The syntax of American Sign Language. MIT Press. [arMCC]Google Scholar
Neville, H. J., Bavelier, D., Corina, D., Rauschecker, J., Karni, A., Lalwani, A., Braun, A., Clark, V., Jezzard, P. & Turner, R. (1997) Cerebral organization for deaf and hearing subjects: Biological constraints and effects of experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95:922–29. [aMCC]10.1073/pnas.95.3.922CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, K. M. (1986) Constraints on the development of coordination. In: Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control, ed. Wade, M. G. & Whiting, H. T. A.H. T. A.Nijhoff. [AVP]Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (1980) The leaf-clipping display: A newly discovered expressive gesture in wild chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution 9:117–28. [ACA]10.1016/0047-2484(80)90068-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishitani, N. & Hari, R. (2000) Temporal dynamics of cortical representation for action. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 97:913–18. [aMCC, SHJ-F, GVJ]10.1073/pnas.97.2.913CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishitani, N. & Hari, R. (2002) Viewing lip forms. Cortical dynamics. Neuron 36:1211–20. [CB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble, W. & Davidson, I. (1996) Human evolution, language and mind: A psychological and archaeological inquiry. Cambridge University Press. [AAB, MAA]Google Scholar
Nottebohm, F. (1977) Asymmetries for neural control of vocalization in the canary. In: Lateralization in the nervous system, ed. Harnad, S., Doty, R. W., Goldstein, L., Jaynes, J. & Krauthamer, G. Academic. [aMCC, UJ]Google Scholar
Oakley, K. P. (1972) Skill as a human possession. In: Perspectives on human evolution 2, ed. Washburn, S. L. & Dolhinow, P. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [AAB]Google Scholar
O’Callaghan, M. J., Tudehope, D. I., Dugdale, A. E., Mohay, H., Burns, Y. & Cook, F. (1987) Handedness in children with birthweights below 1,000g. Lancet 1:1155. [CF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohnuma, K., Kenichi, A. & Akazawa, T. (1997) Transmission through verbal and non-verbal communication: Preliminary experiments in Levallois Flake production. Journal of Anthropological Science 105:159–68. [TMP]10.1537/ase.105.159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97–113. [aMCC]10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olivier, G. (1978) Anthropometric data on left-handed. Biométrie Humaine 13:13–22. [CF]Google Scholar
Olson, D. A., Ellis, J. E. & Nadler, R. D. (1990) Hand preferences in captive gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. American Journal of Primatology 20:83–94. [AVP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oztop, E. & Arbib, M. A. (2002) Schema design and implementation of the grasprelated mirror neuron system. Biological Cybernetics 87:116–40. [SHJ-F]10.1007/s00422-002-0318-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oztop, E., Bradley, N. & Arbib, M. A. (2003) Infant grasp learning: A computational model (submitted). [MAA]10.1007/s00221-004-1914-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passingham, R. E. (1981) Broca's area and the origin of human vocal skills. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B29 2:167–75. [rMCC, NDC]Google Scholar
Patterson, F. (1978) Conversations with a gorilla. National Geographic 154:438–65. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Paulesu, E., Frith, C. D. & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1993) The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature 362:342–45. [GJ]10.1038/362342a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pawlowski, B., Dunbar, R. I. M. & Lipowicz, A. (2000) Tall men have more reproductive success. Nature 403:156. [CF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paxinos, G., Huang, X.-F. & Toga, A. W. (2000) The rhesus monkey brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Academic Press. [UJ]Google Scholar
Pedersen, A. V., Størksen, J. H. & Vereijken, B. (2002) Lateral biases in the development of infant walking. Poster presentation at the Seventh European Workshop on Ecological Psychology, Bendor, France, July 2002. [AVP]Google Scholar
Pedersen, P. M., Jorgensen, H. S., Nakayama, H., Raaschou, H. O. & Olsen, T. S. (1995) Aphasia in acute stroke: Incidence, determinants and recovery. Annals of Neurology 38:659–66. [MA]10.1002/ana.410380416CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, M. (1988) Footedness: Asymmetries in foot preference and skill and neuropsychological assessment of foot movement. Psychological Bulletin 103:179–92. [AVP]10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.179CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrides, M. (1994) Frontal lobes and behaviour. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 4:207–11. [SHJ-F]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrides, M. & Pandya, D. N. (1999) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: Comparative cytoarchitectonic analysis in the human and macaque brain and corticocortical connection patterns. European Journal of Neuroscience 11:1011–36. [UJ]10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00518.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pettito, L. A. S., Holowka, S., Sergio, L. E. & Ostry, D. (2001) Language rhythms in baby hand movements. Nature 413:35–36. [rMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilcher, D. L., Hammock, E. A. D. & Hopkins, W. D. (2001) Cerebral volumetric asymmetries in non-human primates: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Laterality 6:165–79. [SFW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinker, S. (1994) The language instinct. Morrow. [arMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinker, S. & Bloom, P. (1990) Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:707–84. [arMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Place, U. T. (2000) The role of the hand in the evolution of language. Psycoloquy 11. [AR]Google Scholar
Ploog, D. (2002) Is the neural basis of vocalization different in non-human primates and Homo sapiens? In: The speciation of modern Homo Sapiens, ed. Crow, T. J. Oxford University Press. [rMCC]Google Scholar
Plooij, F. X. (1978) Some basic traits of language in wild chimpanzees? In: Action, gesture and symbol: The emergence of language, ed. Lock, A. Academic Press. [ACA, RSF]Google Scholar
Popper, K. R. (1959) The logic of scientific discovery. Unwin Hyman. [TED]Google Scholar
Povinelli, D. J. (1993) Reconstructing the evolution of mind. American Psychologist 48:493–509. [SDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Povinelli, D. J. & Eddy, T. J. (1996) What young chimpanzees know about seeing. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 62(3), Serial No. 247. [DAL]Google Scholar
Pratt, R. T. C. & Warrington, E. K. (1972) The assessment of cerebral dominance with unilateral ECT. British Journal of Psychiatry 121:327–28. [aMCC]10.1192/bjp.121.3.327CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Premack, D. (1986) Gavagai! Or the future history of the animal language controversy. MIT Press. [SFW]Google Scholar
Previc, F. H. (1991) A general theory concerning the prenatal origins of cerebral lateralization in humans. Psychological Review 98:299–334. [AAB, aMCC, LR]10.1037/0033-295X.98.3.299CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Provins, K. A. (1997) Handedness and speech: A critical appraisal of the role of genetic and environmental factors in the cerebral lateralization of function. Psychological Review 104:554–71. [aMCC]10.1037/0033-295X.104.3.554CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pujol, J., Deus, J., Losilla, J. M. & Capdevila, A. (1999) Cerebral lateralization of language in normal left-handed people studied by functional MRI. Neurology 52:1038–43. [aMCC]10.1212/WNL.52.5.1038CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pulvermüller, F. (1999) Words in the brain's language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22:253–79. [CB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pulvermüller, F., Härle, M. & Hummel, F. (2001) Walking or talking? Behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of action verb processing. Brain and Language 78:143–68. [SDK]10.1006/brln.2000.2390CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pulvermüller, F., Neininger, B., Elbert, T., Mohr, B., Rockstroh, B., Koebbel, P. & Taub, E. (2001) Constraint-induced therapy of chronic aphasia after stroke. Stroke 32:1621–26. [CB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramsay, D. S. (1984) Onset of duplicated syllable babbling and unimanual handedness in infancy: Evidence for developmental change in hemispheric specialization? Developmental Psychology 20:64–71. [JMI]10.1037/0012-1649.20.1.64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsay, D. S. (1985) Fluctuations in unimanual hand preference in infants following onset of duplicated syllable babbling. Developmental Psychology 21:318–24. [JMI]10.1037/0012-1649.21.2.318CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsay, D. S. & Willis, M. P. (1984) Organization and lateralization of reaching in infants: An extension of Bresson et al. Neuropsychologia 22:639–41. [JMI]10.1016/0028-3932(84)90031-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rauscher, F. H., Krauss, R. M. & Chen, Y. S. (1996) Gesture, speech, and lexical access: The role of lexical movements in speech production. Psychological Science 7:226–31. [rMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, M. & Pontier, D. (in press) Is there a geographical variation of human handedness? Laterality. [CF]Google Scholar
Raymond, M., Pontier, D., Dufour, A.-B. & Møller, A. P. (1996) Frequencydependent maintenance of left handedness in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263:1627–33. [CF]Google ScholarPubMed
Rimpau, J. B., Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1989) Expression of person, place, and instrument in ASL utterances of children and chimpanzees. In: Teaching sign language to chimpanzees, ed. Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & van Cantfort, T. E. SUNY Press. [RSF]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. & Arbib, M. A. (1998) Language within our grasp. Trends in Neuroscience 21:188–94. [CC, aMCC, TED, RD, RSF, SHJ-F, UJ, SDK, LR]10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01260-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Camarda, R., Fogassi, L., Gentilucci, M., Luppino, G. & Matelli, M. (1988) Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey. II. Area F5 and the control of distal movements. Experimental Brain Research 71:491–507. [SHJ-F]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V. & Fogassi, L. (1996a) Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research 3:131–41. [aMCC, SHJ-F, GVJ]10.1016/0926-6410(95)00038-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Matelli, M., Bettinardi, V., Paulesu, E., Perani, D. & Fazio, F. (1996b) Localization of grasp representation in humans by PET: Observation versus execution. Experimental Brain Research 111:246–52. [AAB, aMCC, SHJ-F]10.1007/BF00227301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L. & Gallese, V. (2000) Mirror neurons: Intentionality detectors? International Journal of Psychology 35:205. [SHJ-F]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. & Luppino, G. (2001) The cortical motor system. Neuron 31:889–901. [SHJ-F]10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00423-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Luppino, G. & Matelli, M. (1998) The organization of the cortical motor system: New concepts. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 106:283–96. [SHJ-F]10.1016/S0013-4694(98)00022-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rizzolatti, G., Scandolara, C., Gentilucci, M. & Camarda, R. (1981) Response properties and behavioral modulation of “mouth” neurons of the postarcuate cortex (area 6) in macaque monkeys. Brain Research 255:421–24. [UJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, W. W. (1949) The interpretation of some disorders of speech. Journal of Mental Science 95:567–88. [aMCC]10.1192/bjp.95.400.567CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rochat, P. (1989) Object manipulations and exploration in 2- to 5-month-old infants. Developmental Psychology 25:871–84. [JMI]10.1037/0012-1649.25.6.871CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogalewski, A., Floel, A., Breitenstein, C. & Knecht, S. (2003) From mouth to hand: Prosody in spoken language activates the hand motor system (under review). [CB]Google Scholar
Rogers, L. J. (2000) Evolution of side biases: Motor versus sensory lateralization. In: Side bias: A neuropsychological perspective, ed. Mandal, M. K., Bulman-Fleming, M. B. & Tiwara, G. Kluver. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Rogers, L. J. & Bradshaw, J. L. (1996) Motor asymmetries in birds and nonprimate mammals. In: Manual asymmetries in motor performance, ed. Digby, E. & Roy, E. A. CRC Press. [AR]Google Scholar
Romanes, G. J. (1888) Mental evolution in man: Origin of human faculty. Keegan Paul, Trench and Company. [JMI]10.1037/13468-000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romanski, L. M. & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (2002) An auditory domain in primate prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience 5:15–16. [UJ]10.1038/nn781CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rönnqvist, L. (1995) A critical examination of the Moro response in newborn infants – symmetry, state relation, underlying mechanisms. Neuropsychologia 33:713–26. [LR]10.1016/0028-3932(95)00006-OCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rönnqvist, L. & Hopkins, B. (1998) Head position preference in human newborn: A new look. Child Development 69:13–23. [LR]10.2307/1132066CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rönnqvist, L., Hopkins, B., van Emmerik, R. & de Groot, L. (1998) Lateral biases in spontaneous head turning and the Moro response in the human newborn: Are they both vestibular in origin? Developmental Psychobiology 33:339–49. [AVP, LR]10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199812)33:4<339::AID-DEV5>3.0.CO;2-R3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, E. D. & Mesulam, M.-M. (1979) Dominant language functions of the right hemisphere? Prosody and emotional gesturing. Archives of Neurology 36:144–48. [UJ]10.1001/archneur.1979.00500390062006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rossi, G. F. & Rosadini, G. (1967) Experimental analyses of cerebral dominance in man. In: Brain mechanisms underlying speech and language, ed. Milliken, C. H. & Darley, F. L. Grune and Stratton. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Ryding, E., Bradvik, B. & Ingvar, D. (1987) Changes in regional cerebral bloodflow measured simultaneously in the right and left hemispheres during automatic speech and humming. Brain 110:1345–58. [CC]10.1093/brain/110.5.1345CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandler, W. & Lillo-Martin, D. (2000) Natural sign languages. In: The Blackwell handbook of linguistics, ed. Aronoff, M. & Rees-Miller, J. Blackwell. [PFM]Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Shanker, S. G. & Taylor, T. J. (1998) Apes, language, and the human mind. Oxford University Press. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sekiyama, K., Miyauchi, S., Imaruoka, T., Egusa, H. & Tashiro, T. (2000) Body image as a visuomotor transformation device revealed in adaptation to reversed vision. Nature 407:374–77. [aMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semaw, S., Renne, P., Harris, J. W. K., Feibel, C. S., Bernor, R. L., Fesseha, N. & Mowbray, K. (1997) 2.5-million-year-old stone tools from Gona, Ethiopia. Nature 385:333–36. [aMCC]10.1038/385333a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semino, O., Passarino, G., Oefner, P. J., Lin, A. A., Arbuzova, S., Beckman, L. E., De Benedictus, G., Francalacci, P., Kouvatsi, A., Limborska, S., et al. (2000) The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens in extant Europeans: A Y chromosome perspective. Science 290:1155–59. [aMCC]10.1126/science.290.5494.1155CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Senghas, A. & Coppola, M. (2001) Children creating language: How Nicaraguan Sign Language acquired a spatial grammar. Psychological Science 12:323–28. [aMCC]10.1111/1467-9280.00359CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Senut, B., Pickford, M., Gommery, D., Mein, P., Cheboi, C. & Coppens, Y. (2001) First hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya). Comptes Rendus des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences 332:137–44. [AAB]Google Scholar
Seyal, M., Mull, B., Bhullar, N., Ahmad, T. & Gage, B. (1999) Anticipation and execution of a simple reading task enhance corticospinal excitability. Clinical Neurophysiology 110:424–29. [rMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Pugh, K. R., Constable, R. T., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R. K., Bronen, R. A., Fletcher, J. M., Shankweller, D. P., Katz, L. & Gore, J. C. (1995) Sex differences in the functional organisation of the brain for language. Nature 373:607–609. [CK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherwood, C. S., Broadfield, D. C., Holloway, R. L., Gannon, P. J. & Hof, P. R. (2003) Variability of Broca's area homologue in great apes: Implications for language evolution. The Anatomical Record 217A:276–85. [RLH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sieratzki, J. S. & Woll, B. (2002) Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric perspectives on maternal cradling preferences. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 11:170–76. [BW]10.1017/S1121189X00005686CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, M., Manjary, M. & Dellatolas, G. (2001) Lateral preferences among Indian school children. Cortex 37:231–41. [AVP]10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70570-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skinhoj, E. & Larsen, B. (1980) The pattern of cortical activation during speech and listening in normals and different types of aphasic patients as revealed by regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). In: Aphasia: Assessment and treatment, ed. Sarno, M. T. & Hook, O. Masson. [CC]Google Scholar
Skoyles, J. R. (2000) Gesture, language origins, and right handedness. Psycoloquy 11. [rMCC, AR]Google Scholar
Sommer, I. E. C., Ramsey, N. F., Mandl, R. C. W. & Kahn, R. S. (2002) Language lateralization in monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for handedness. Brain 125:2710–18. [IECS]10.1093/brain/awf284CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Speedie, L. J., Wertman, E., T’air, J. & Heilman, K. M. (1993) Disruption of automatic speech following a right basal ganglia lesion. Neurology 43:1768– 74.10.1212/WNL.43.9.1768CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spinozzi, G., Castorina, M. G. & Truppa, V. (1998) Hand preference in unimanual and coordinated-bimanual tasks by Tufted Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Comparative Psychology 112:183–91. [DC]10.1037/0735-7036.112.2.183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steele, J. (1999) Stone legacy of skilled hands. Nature 399:24–25. [LR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steele, J. (2000) Handedness in past human populations: Skeletal markers. Laterality 5:193–220. [AAB, DC]10.1080/713754380CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steklis, H. D. & Harnad, S. R. (1976) From hand to mouth: Some critical stages in the evolution of language. In: Origins and evolution of language and speech, ed. Harnad, S. R., Steklis, H. D. & Lancaster, J. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Stokoe, W. C. (1991) Semantic phonology. Sign Language Studies. 71:107–14. [DFA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokoe, W. C. (2001) Language in hand: Why sign came before speech. Gallaudet University Press. [MAA]Google Scholar
Stout, D. (2002) Skill and cognition in stone tool production. Current Anthropology 43:693–722. [RLH]10.1086/342638CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1998) The particulate origins of language generativity: From syllable to gesture. In: Approaches to the evolution of language, ed. Hurford, J. R., Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Knight, C. Cambridge University Press. [CC, aMCC]Google Scholar
Suddendorf, T. & Corballis, M. C. (1997) Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 123:133–67. [TMP]Google ScholarPubMed
Sundara, M., Namasivayam, A. K. & Chen, R. (2001) Observation-execution matching system for speech: A magnetic stimulation study. NeuroReport 12:1341–44. [CB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supalla, T. & Newport, E. (1978) How many seats in a chair? The derivation of nouns and verbs in American Sign Language. In: Understanding language through sign language research, ed. Siple, P. Academic Press. [MAA]Google Scholar
Szaflarski, J. P., Binder, J. R., Possing, E. T., McKiernan, K. A., Ward, B. D. & Hammeke, T. A. (2002) Language lateralization in left-handed and ambidextrous people: fMRI data. Neurology 59:238–44. [GJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tan, U. & Tan, M. (1999) Incidences of asymmetries for the palmar grasp reflex in neonates and hand preference in adults. Neuroreport 10:3253–56. [AVP]10.1097/00001756-199911080-00001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanaka, S., Kanzaki, R., Yoshibayashi, M., Kamiya, T. & Sugishita, M. (1999) Dichotic listening in patients with situs inversus: Brain asymmetry and situs asymmetry. Neuropsychologia 37:869–74. [SFW]10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00144-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanner, J. E. & Byrne, R. W. (1996) Representation of action through iconic gesture in a captive lowland gorilla. Current Anthropology 37:162–73. [ACA, aMCC, RSF]10.1086/204484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tattersall, I. (1997) Out of Africa again … and again? Scientific American 276(4):60–70. [aMCC]10.1038/scientificamerican0497-60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temple, C. M. (1990) Academic discipline, handedness and immune disorders. Neuropsychologia 28:303–308. [AR]10.1016/0028-3932(90)90023-HCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ten Houten, W. (1976) Discussion and criticism: More on split-brain research, culture and cognition. Current Anthropology 77:503–506. [CK]10.1086/201771CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terrace, H. S., Pettito, L. A., Sanders, R. J. & Bever, T. G. (1979) Can apes create a sentence? Science 206:891–902. [SFW]10.1126/science.504995CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thelen, E. (1979) Rhythmical stereotypies in normal human infants. Animal Behaviour 27:699–715. [JMI]10.1016/0003-3472(79)90006-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thelen, E. (1991) Motor aspects of emergent speech: A dynamic approach. In: Biobehavioral foundations of language, ed. Krasnegor, N. Erlbaum. [JMI]Google Scholar
Thelen, E., Corbetta, D., Kamm, K., Spencer, J. P., Schneider, K. & Zernicke, R. (1993) The transition to reaching: Mapping intention and intrinsic dynamics. Child Development 64:1058–98. [JMI]10.2307/1131327CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thelen, E., Schöner, G., Scheier, C. & Smith, L. B. (2001) The dynamics of embodiment: A field theory of infant perseverative reaching. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24:1–34. [AVP]10.1017/S0140525X01003910CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson-Schill, S. L., D’Esposito, M., Aguirre, G. K. & Farah, M. J. (1997) Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: A reevaluation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 94:14792–97. [GJ]10.1073/pnas.94.26.14792CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tobias, P. V. (1987) The brain of Homo habilis: A new level of organization in cerebral evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 16:741–61. [aMCC]10.1016/0047-2484(87)90022-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1998) Water and human evolution. Out There 35:38–44. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Toga, A. W. & Thompson, P. M. (2003) Mapping brain asymmetry. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4:37–48. [AR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tokimura, H., Tokimura, Y., Oliviero, A., Asakura, T., & Rothwell, J. C. (1996) Speech-induced changes in corticospinal excitability. Annals of Neurology 40:628–34. [rMCC]10.1002/ana.410400413CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomasello, M. (1999) The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press. [CK, DAL]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. & Call, J. (1997) Primate cognition. Oxford University Press. [aMCC, DAL]10.1093/oso/9780195106237.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M., Call, J., Nagell, K., Olguin, R. & Carpenter, M. (1994) The learning and use of gestural signals by young chimpanzees: A trans-generational study. Primates 35:137–54. [DAL]10.1007/BF02382050CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M., Call, J., Warren, J., Frost, G., Carpenter, M. & Nagell, K. (1997) The ontogeny of chimpanzee gestural signals: A comparison across groups and generations. Evolution of Communication 1:223–59. [ACA, aMCC]10.1075/eoc.1.2.04tomCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toth, N. (1985) Archeological evidence for preferential right handedness in the lower and middle Pleistocene and its possible implications. Journal of Human Evolution 14:607–14. [aMCC]10.1016/S0047-2484(85)80087-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tzourio, N., Crivello, F., Mellet, E., Nkanga-Ngila, B. & Mazoyer, B. (1998a) Functional dominance for speech comprehension in left handers versus right handers. Neuroimage 8:1–17. [GJ]10.1006/nimg.1998.0343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tzourio, N., Nkanga-Ngila, B. & Mazoyer, B. (1998b) Left planum temporale surface correlates with functional dominance during story listening. NeuroReport 9:829–33. [GJ]10.1097/00001756-199803300-00012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Underhill, P. A., Shen, P. D., Lin, A. A., Jin, L., Passarino, G., Yang, W. H., Kauffman, E., Bonne-Tamir, B., Bertranpetit, J., Francalacci, P., et al. (2000) Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations. Nature Genetics 26:358–61. [aMCC]10.1038/81685CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Schaik, C. P., Ancrenaz, M., Borgen, G., Galdikas, B., Knott, C. D., Singleton, I., Suzuki, A., Utami, S. S. & Merrill, M. (2003) Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture. Science 299:102–105. [DAL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veà, J. J. & Sabater-Pi, J. (1998) Spontaneous pointing behaviour in the wild pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus). Folia Primatologica 69:289–90. [ACA, aMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Viggiano, M. P. & Vannucci, M. (2002) Drawing and identifying objects in relation to semantic category and handedness. Neuropsychologia 40:1482–87. [GVJ]10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00196-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wada, J. A., Clarke, R. & Hamm, A. (1975) Cerebral hemispheric asymmetry in humans. Archives of Neurology 32:239–46. [arMCC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, A. & Leakey, R. (1993) The postcranial bones. In: The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton, ed. Walker, A. & Leakey, R. Harvard University Press. [AAB]10.1007/978-3-662-10382-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, S. F. (1980) Lateralization of functions in the vertebrate brain. British Journal of Psychology 71:329–67. [SFW]10.1111/j.2044-8295.1980.tb01750.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warrington, E. K. & Pratt, R. T. C. (1973) Language laterality in left handers assessed by unilateral ECT. Neuropsychologia 11:423–28. [aMCC]10.1016/0028-3932(73)90029-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waters, G. & Fouts, R. S. (2002) Sympathetic mouth movements accompanying fine motor movements in five captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) with implications toward the evolution of language. Neurological Research 24:174–80. [RSF]10.1179/016164102101199585CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watkins, K. E., Dronkers, N. F. & Vargha-Khadem, F. (2002) Behavioural analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: Comparison with acquired aphasia. Brain 125:452–64. [rMCC]10.1093/brain/awf058CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, N. V. (2001) Sex differences in throwing: Monkeys having a fling. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5:98–99. [LR]10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01595-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Westergaard, G. C., Kuhn, H. E. & Suomi, S. J. (1998) Bipedal posture and hand preference in humans and other primates. Journal of Comparative Psychology 112:55–64. [DC]10.1037/0735-7036.112.1.55CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, T. D., Suwa, G. & Asfaw, B. (1994) Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature 371:306–12. [AAB]10.1038/371306a0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitehead, R. L., Schiavetti, N., Whitehead, B. H. & Metz, D. E. (1997) Effect of sign task on speech timing in simultaneous communication. Journal of Communication Disorders 30:439–55. [PF]10.1016/S0021-9924(97)00029-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiessner, P. (1982) Risk, reciprocity and social influences in !Kung San economics. In: Politics and history in band societies, ed. Leacock, E. & Lee, R. Cambridge University Press. [TMP]Google Scholar
Williams, J. H. G., Whiten, A., Suddendorf, T. & Perrett, D. I. (2001) Imitation, mirror neurons and autism. Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews 25:287–95. [rMCC, AR]10.1016/S0149-7634(01)00014-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, M. L., Hauser, M. D. & Wrangham, R. W. (2001) Does participation in intergroup conflict depend on numerical assessment, range location, or rank for wild chimpanzees? Animal Behaviour 61:1203–16. [DAL]10.1006/anbe.2000.1706CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiltschko, W., Traudt, J., Güntürkün, O., Prior, H. & Wiltschko, R. (2002) Lateralization of magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird. Nature 419:467–70. [LW]10.1038/nature00958CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wise, R. J. S., Greene, J., Büchel, & Scott, S. K. (1999) Brain regions involved in articulation. The Lancet 353. [CC]10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07491-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witelson, S. F. & Pallie, W. (1973) Left hemisphere specialization for language in the newborn: Neuroanatomical evidence of asymmetry. Brain 96:641–46. [rMCC]10.1093/brain/96.3.641CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wittgenstein, L. (1953) Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Woll, B. (2001) The sign that dares to speak its name: Echo phonology in British Sign Language (BSL). In: The hands are the head of the mouth, ed. Boyes-Braem, P. & Sutton-Spence, R. L. Signum Press. [BW]Google Scholar
Wolpert, L. (1993) The unnatural nature of science. Harvard University Press. [rMCC]10.1016/0140-6736(93)92665-GCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolpert, L. (2003) Causal belief and the origins of technology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (in press). [LW]10.1098/rsta.2003.1231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, B. A. (1992) Evolution of australopithecines. In: The Cambridge encyclopedia of human evolution, ed. Jones, S., Martin, R. & Pilbeam, D. Cambridge University Press. [aMCC]Google Scholar
Wood, B. A. & Collard, M. (1999) The human genus. Science 284:65–71. [aMCC]10.1126/science.284.5411.65CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woodruff, G. & Premack, D. (1979) Intentional communication in the chimpanzee: The development of deception. Cognition 7:333–62. [DAL]10.1016/0010-0277(79)90021-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. & Peterson, D. (1996) Demonic males. Apes and the origins of human violence. Mariner Books/Houghton Mifflin Company. [CF]Google Scholar
Wray, A. (1998) Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction. Language and Communication 18:47–67. [MAA]10.1016/S0271-5309(97)00033-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yellen, J. E., Brooks, A. S., Cornelissen, E., Mehlman, M. J. & Stewart, K. (1995) A Middle Stone Age worked bone industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Science 268:553–56. [aMCC]10.1126/science.7725100CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeo, R. A., Thoma, R. J. & Gangestad, S. W. (2002) Human handedness: A biological perspective. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, ed. Segalowitz, S. J. & Rapin, I. Elsevier Science. [WDH]Google Scholar
Zahavi, A. (1993) The fallacy of conventional signalling. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 340:227–30. [CK]Google ScholarPubMed
Zahavi, A. & Zahavi, A. (1997) The handicap principle. A missing piece in Darwin's puzzle. Oxford University Press. [CK]10.1093/oso/9780195100358.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zatorre, R. J., Belin, P. & Penhune, V. B. (2002) Structure and function of auditory cortex: music and speech. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6:37–46. [GJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zollikofer, C. P. E., Ponce de León, M. S., Vandermeersch, B. & Lévêque, F., (2002) Evidence for interpersonal violence in the St. Césaire Neanderthal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:6444–48. [CF]10.1073/pnas.082111899CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed