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EXCAVATIONS IN THE ANCIENT THEATRE OF SPARTA, 2008

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2024

Adamantia Vasilogamvrou ,
Catherine Morgan Open the ORCID record for Catherine Morgan [Opens in a new window] ,
Kalliopi Diamanti ,
Thomas Loughlin ,
Ioanna Moutafi Open the ORCID record for Ioanna Moutafi [Opens in a new window] ,
Robert K. Pitt Open the ORCID record for Robert K. Pitt [Opens in a new window]  and
Rossana Valente Open the ORCID record for Rossana Valente [Opens in a new window]
Adamantia Vasilogamvrou
Affiliation:
Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports
Catherine Morgan*
Affiliation:
All Souls College, Oxford
Kalliopi Diamanti
Affiliation:
Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports
Thomas Loughlin
Affiliation:
Diriyah Gate Development Authority, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Ioanna Moutafi
Affiliation:
American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Robert K. Pitt
Affiliation:
College Year at Athens
Rossana Valente
Affiliation:
Newcastle University and the British School at Athens
*
catherine.morgan@all-souls.ox.ac.uk
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Abstract

This article presents the results of the 2008 excavation in the ancient theatre of Sparta conducted by the British School at Athens and the Ephorate of Antiquities of Laconia. Focused on the west side of the cavea, work aimed to locate the southern edge of the Late Antique settlement between the theatre and the sanctuary of Athena Chalkioikos; to establish the northern limits of the Late Antique settlement over the former orchestra; and to establish a more precise ceramic characterisation and chronology for the Early–Middle Byzantine period in Sparta. The area between settlement clusters on the acropolis and over the former orchestra was essentially open, with just a Byzantine terrace wall and path recorded. In the north-west part of the former cavea, a tomb built in the late eighth or early ninth century AD was used at least until the late thirteenth century for the burial of c. 29 individuals. This article presents the first results of a bioarchaeological study of the human remains, and studies of Byzantine pottery from the tomb interior and from the backfill of the pit in which the tomb was built (the latter including a notable quantity of Early Byzantine domestic ware). The 2008 findings are set in the larger context of research on post-antique phases in the theatre (drawing on the British School at Athens Archive) and on the material culture and urban topography of Byzantine Sparta. Almost all excavated contexts contained residual material of all periods. The article concludes with short catalogues of material which pre-dates the construction of the theatre and of inscriptions of all periods.

Στο άρθρο αυτό παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της ανασκαφής του 2008 στο αρχαίο θέατρο της Σπάρτης που διεξήχθη από τη Βρετανική Σχολή Αθηνών και την Εφορεία Αρχαιοτήτων Λακωνίας. Με επίκεντρο τη δυτική πλευρά του κοίλου, οι εργασίες αποσκοπούσαν στον εντοπισμό του νότιου άκρου του οικισμού της Ύστερης Αρχαιότητας μεταξύ του θεάτρου και του ιερού της Αθηνάς Χαλκιοίκου, στον καθορισμό των βόρειων ορίων του οικισμού της Ύστερης Αρχαιότητας πάνω από την πρώην ορχήστρα, και στον ακριβέστερο κεραμικό προσδιορισμό και χρονολόγηση για την Πρώιμη-Μέση Βυζαντινή περίοδο στη Σπάρτη.

Η περιοχή μεταξύ των οικιστικών συστάδων στην ακρόπολη και πάνω από την πρώην ορχήστρα ήταν ουσιαστικά ανοικτή, με καταγεγραμμένο μόνο ένα βυζαντινό αναλημματικό τείχος και ένα μονοπάτι. Στο βορειοδυτικό τμήμα του πρώην κοίλου, ένας τάφος που χτίστηκε στα τέλη του 8ου ή στις αρχές του 9ου αιώνα μ.Χ. χρησιμοποιήθηκε τουλάχιστον μέχρι τα τέλη του 13ου αιώνα για την ταφή 29 περίπου ατόμων. Το άρθρο παρουσιάζει τα πρώτα αποτελέσματα μιας βιοαρχαιολογικής μελέτης των σκελετικών καταλοίπων, καθώς και μελέτες βυζαντινής κεραμικής από το εσωτερικό του τάφου και από την επίχωση του λάκκου στον οποίο ήταν χτισμένος ο τάφος (η τελευταία περιλαμβάνει μια αξιοσημείωτη ποσότητα πρωτοβυζαντινής οικιακής κεραμικής). Τα ευρήματα του 2008 εντάσσονται στο ευρύτερο πλαίσιο των ερευνών για τις φάσεις του θεάτρου μετά το τέλος της αρχαιότητας (με βάση το αρχείο της BSA) και για τον υλικό πολιτισμό και την αστική τοπογραφία της βυζαντινής Σπάρτης.

Σχεδόν όλα τα ανασκαφικά συμφραζόμενα περιείχαν υλικά κατάλοιπα όλων των περιόδων. Το άρθρο ολοκληρώνεται με σύντομους καταλόγους του υλικού που προϋπήρχε της κατασκευής του θεάτρου και των επιγραφών όλων των περιόδων.

Μετάφραση: Στ. Ιερεμίας

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 119 , December 2024 , pp. 483 - 564
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Council, British School at Athens

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