Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-mwwwr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-09-09T01:25:37.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

POTTERY TRADE AND THE FORMATION OF EARLY AND MIDDLE FORMATIVE STYLE HORIZONS AS SEEN FROM CENTRAL MEXICO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2019

Wesley D. Stoner  and
Deborah L. Nichols
Wesley D. Stoner*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Old Main 330, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72703
Deborah L. Nichols
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, 403 Silsby Hall, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
*
E-mail correspondence to: stoner.wesley@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We explore the relationship between long-distance pottery trade and the formation of Early and Middle Formative style horizons in Mesoamerica. A sample of 1,154 ceramics mostly from Early and Middle Formative contexts in the central Mexican highlands was irradiated at the University of Missouri Research Reactor with a subsample (n = 313) for petrographic analysis. We conclude that: (1) most sites and regions display more than one process for making pottery; (2) there is a small amount of intraregional exchange among central Mexican sites, with the southeastern Basin of Mexico making the largest portion of pottery intended for trade within the region; and (3) interregional imports found at several sites likely come from the metamorphic region of southwestern Puebla with smaller numbers imported from the southern Gulf Coast, Morelos, and possibly Oaxaca. The trend over time from Early Formative to the end of the Middle Formative is one of decreasing intensity of long-distance interaction and decreasing geographic range of trade. These two trends contribute to the regional divergence of ceramic styles that peaks by the Late Formative in Mesoamerica.

Information

Type
Special Section: Before Teotihuacan—Altica, Exchange, Interactions, and the Origins of Complex Society in the Northeast Basin of Mexico
Information
Ancient Mesoamerica , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , Summer 2019 , pp. 311 - 337
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Alex, Bridget Annelia, Nichols, Deborah L., and Glascock, Michael D. 2012 Compositional Analysis of Formative Period Ceramics in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico. Archaeometry 54:821–834.Google Scholar
Arnold, Dean E. 1985 Ceramic Theory and Cultural Process. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Arnold, Dean E., Neff, Hector, and Glascock, Michael D. 2000 Testing Assumptions of Neutron Activation Analysis: Communities, Workshops and Paste Preparation in Yucatan, Mexico. Archaeometry 42:301–316.Google Scholar
Benson, Elizabeth P., and de la Fuente, Beatríz (editors) 1996 Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Blanton, Richard, Feinman, Gary M., Kowalewski, Stephen A., and Peregrine, Peter N. 1996 A Dual-Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization. Current Anthropology 37:1–14.Google Scholar
Blomster, Jeffrey P. 1998 Context, Cult, and Early Formative Period Public Ritual in the Mixteca Alta: Analysis of a Hollow-Baby Figurine from Etlatongo, Oaxaca. Ancient Mesoamerica 9:309–326.Google Scholar
Blomster, Jeffrey P. 2017 Materializing the Early Olmec Style in the Nochixtlán Valley, Oaxaca. In The Early Olmec and Mesoamerica: The Material Record, edited by Blomster, Jeffrey P. and Cheetham, David, pp. 148–192. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Blomster, Jeffrey P., and Cheetham, David (editors) 2017 The Early Olmec and Mesoamerica: The Material Record. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Blomster, Jeffrey P., Neff, Hector, and Glascock, Michael D. 2005 Olmec Pottery Production and Export in Ancient Mexico Determined through Elemental Analysis. Science 307:1068–1072.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M., and Hodge, Mary D. 1996 Interaction in the Basin of Mexico: The Case of Postclassic Xaltocan. In Arqueología Mesoamericana: Homenaje a William T. Sanders, edited by Mastache, Alba Guadalupe, Parsons, Jeffrey, Santley, Robert S., and Puche, Mari Carmen Sierra, pp. 417–437. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Arqueología Mexicana, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Carballo, David M., Roscoe, Paul, and Feinman, Gary M. 2014 Cooperation and Collective Action in the Cultural Evolution of Complex Societies. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 21:98–133.Google Scholar
Charlton, Thomas H. 1978a Formative Trade and Cultural Transformations in the Basin of Mexico. Human Mosaic 12:121–129.Google Scholar
Charlton, Thomas H. 1978b Teotihuacan, Tepeapulco, and Obsidian Exploitation. Science 200:1227–1236.Google Scholar
Charlton, Thomas H. 1984 Production and Exchange: Variables in the Evolution of a Civilization. In Trade and Exchange in Early Mesoamerica. Albuquerque, edited by Hirth, Kenneth G., pp. 17–42. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Cheetham, David 2010 Americas' First Colony: Olmec Materiality and Ethnicity at Canton Corralito, Chiapas, Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Cheetham, David, and Coe, David M. 2017 Ceramic Vessel Form Similarities between San Lorenzo, Veracruz, and Canton Corralito, Chiapas. In The Early Olmec and Mesoamerica: The Material Record, edited by Blomster, Jeffrey P. and Cheetham, David, pp. 223–263. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Clark, John E. 1997 The Arts of Government in Early Mesoamerica. Annual Review of Anthropology 26:211–234.Google Scholar
Cochrane, Ethan E. 2004 Explaining Cultural Diversity in Ancient Fiji: The Transmission of Ceramic Variability. University of Hawaii, Manoa.Google Scholar
Cochrane, Ethan E. 2008 Migration and Cultural Transmission: Investigating Human Movement as an Explanation for Fijian Ceramic Change. In Cultural Transmission in Archaeology: Issues and Case Studies, edited by O'Brien, Michael J., pp. 132–145. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Crider, Destiny Lynn 2011 Epiclassic and Early Postclassic Interaction in Central Mexico as Evidenced by Decorated Pottery. Ph.D. dissertation, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Crown, Patricia L. 2014 The Archaeology of Crafts Learning: Becoming a Potter in the Puebloan Southwest. Annual Review of Anthropology 39:335–343.Google Scholar
Cyphers, Ann 1987 Ceramics. In Ancient Chalcatzingo, edited by Grove, David, pp. 200–251. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Cyphers, Ann 2005 La cerámica del periodo preclásico en Morelos. In La producción alfarera en el México antiguo I, edited by Carrión, Beatriz Leonor Merino and Cook, Ángel García, pp. 435–522. Colección Científica. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
de la Fuente, Beatríz 2000 Olmec Sculpture: The First Mesoamerican Art. In Olmec Art and Archaeology in Mesoamerica, edited by Clark, John E. and Pye, Mary E., pp. 253–263. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
DeBoer, Warren R. 1990 Interaction, Imitation, and Communication as Expressed in Style: The Ucayali Experience. In The Uses of Style in Archaeology, edited by Conkey, Margaret and Hastorf, Christine, pp. 82–104. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Demarest, Arthur A. 1989 Olmec and the Rise of Civilization in Eastern Mesoamerica. In Regional Perspectives on the Olmec, edited by Sharer, Robert J. and Grove, David C., pp. 303–344. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Duistermaat, Kim 2017 The Organization of Pottery Production: Toward a Relational Approach. In The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Ceramic Analysis, edited by Hunt, Alice, pp. 114–147. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Eckert, Suzanne L., Schleher, Kari L., and James, William D. 2015 Communities of Identity, Communities of Practice: Understanding Santa Fe Black-on-White Pottery in the Española Basin of New Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 63:1–12.Google Scholar
Eerkens, Jelmer W., and Lipo, Carl P. 2005 Cultural Transmission, Copying Errors, and the Generation of Variation in Material Culture and the Archaeological Record. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24:316–334.Google Scholar
Eerkens, Jelmer W., and Lipo, Carl P. 2008 Cultural Transmission of Copying Errors and the Evolution of Variation in Woodland Pots. In Cultural Transmission and Material Culture: Breaking Down Boundaries, edited by Stark, Miriam T., Bowser, Brenda J., and Horne, Lee, pp. 63–81. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent V., and Marcus, Joyce 1994 Early Formative Pottery of the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent V., and Marcus, Joyce 2000 Formative Mexican Chiefdoms and the Myth of the “Mother Culture.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 19:1–37.Google Scholar
Gandon, Enora, Roux, Valentine, and Coyle, Thelma 2014 Copying Errors of Potters from Three Cultures: Predictable Directions for a So-Called Random Phenomenon. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 33:99–107.Google Scholar
Garraty, Christopher P. 2006 The Politics of Commerce: Aztec Pottery Production and Exchange in the Basin of Mexico, a.d. 1200–1650. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Glascock, Michael D. 1992 Characterization of Archaeological Ceramics at MURR by Neutron Activation Analysis and Multivariate Statistics. In Chemical Characterization of Ceramic Pastes in Archaeology, edited by Neff, Hector, pp. 11–26. Prehistory Press, Madison.Google Scholar
Golitko, Mark, Dudgeon, John V., Neff, Hector, and Terrell, John Edward 2012 Identification of Post-Depositional Chemical Alteration of Ceramics from the North Coast of New Guinea (Sandaun Province) by Time of Flight-Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (TOPF-LA-ICP-MS). Archaeometry 54:80–100.Google Scholar
Gosselain, Olivier P. 2000 Materializing Identities: An African Perspective. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 7:187–217.Google Scholar
Grove, David 1984 Chalcatzingo: Excavations on the Olmec Frontier. Thames and Hudson, New York.Google Scholar
Grove, David 1987 Raw Materials and Sources. In Ancient Chalcatzingo, edited by Grove, David C., pp. 376–386. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Grove, David 1993 “Olmec” Horizons in Formative Period Mesoamerica: Diffusion or Social Evolution? In Latin American Horizons, edited by Rice, Don S., pp. 83–111. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Grove, David 2007 Rethinking Early Formative Period Interactions in Morelos and the Basin of Mexico. Paper presented at the 72nd Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting, Austin.Google Scholar
Guglielmino, C.R., Viganotti, C., Hewlett, B., and Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. 1995 Cultural Variation in Africa: Role of Mechanisms of Transmission and Adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92:7585–7589.Google Scholar
Guthrie, Jill, and Benson, Elizabeth P. (editors) 1995 The Olmec World: Ritual and Rulership. The Art Museum, Princeton University, Princeton.Google Scholar
Healan, Dan M. 2019 Altica's Obsidian Industries and Their Place in Early–Middle Formative Obsidian Exploitation in Central Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:279–294.Google Scholar
Helms, Mary W. 1993 Craft and the Kingly Ideal. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Henderson, Johnathan S. 1979 Atopula, Guerrero, and Olmec Horizons in Mesoamerica. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 77. Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven.Google Scholar
Herbich, Ingrid, and Dietler, Michael 2008 The Long Arm of the Mother-in-Law: Learning, Postmarital Resocialization of Women, and Material Culture Style. In Cultural Transmission and Material Culture: Breaking Down Boundaries, edited by Stark, Miriam T., Bowser, Brenda J., and Horne, Lee, pp. 223–244. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Herrera, R. Sergio, Neff, Hector, and Glascock, Michael D. 1999 Ceramic Patterns, Social Interaction, and the Olmec: Neutron Activation Analysis of Early Formative Pottery in the Oaxaca Highlands of Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:967–987.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 1978 Interregional Trade and the Formation of Prehistoric Gateway Communities. American Antiquity 43:35–45.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 1998 The Distributional Approach: A New Way to Identify Marketplace Exchange in the Archaeological Record. Current Anthropology 39:451–476.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G., Cyphers, Ann, Cobean, Robert, De León, Jason, and Glascock, Michael D. 2013 Early Olmec Obsidian Trade and Economic Organization at San Lorenzo. Journal of Archaeological Science 40:2784–2798.Google Scholar
Hodge, Mary G., Blackman, M. James, Minc, Leah D., and Neff, Hector 1992 Compositional Perspective on Ceramic Production in the Aztec Empire. In Chemical Characterization of Ceramic Pastes in Archaeology, edited by Neff, Hector, pp. 203–220. Monographs in World Archaeology, Book 7. Prehistory Press, Madison.Google Scholar
Jaime-Riveron, Olaf 2010 Olmec Greenstone in Early Formative Mesoamerica: Exchange and Process of Production. Ancient Mesoamerica 21:123–133.Google Scholar
Jennings, Justin 2011 Globalizations in the Ancient World. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Johnson, Nadia E., and Hirth, Kenneth G. 2019 Altica, Coapexco, and the Role of Middlemen in Formative Obsidian Exchange. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:295–310.Google Scholar
Joyce, Rosemary 2012 Thinking about Pottery Production as Community Practice. In Potters and Communities of Practice: Glaze Paint and Polychrome Pottery in the American Southwest, a.d. 1250–1700, edited by Cordell, Linda S. and Habicht-Mauche, Judith A., pp. 149–154. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 75. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Joyce, Rosemary A., and Henderson, John S. 2017 “Olmec” Pottery in Honduras. In The Early Olmec and Mesoamerica: The Material Record, edited by Blomster, Jeffrey P. and Cheetham, David, pp. 264–287. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kohring, Sheila E. 2011 Complexity as a Multi-Scalar Concept: Pottery Technologies, ‘Communities of Practice’ and the Bell Beaker Phenomena. Norwegian Archaeological Review 44:145–163.Google Scholar
Kohring, Sheila E. 2012 A Scalar Perspective to Social Complexity: Complex Relations and Complex Questions. In Beyond Elites: Alternatives to Hierarchical Systems in Modelling Social Formations, edited by Kienlin, Tobias L. and Zimmermann, Andreas, pp. 327–337. Universitätsforschungen zur Prähistorischen Archäologie, Vol. 215. Ruhr-Universität, Bonn.Google Scholar
Lesure, Richard (editor) 2014 Formative Lifeways in Central Tlaxcala, Volume 1: Excavations, Ceramics, Chronology. Monumenta Archaeologica, Vol. 33. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Love, Michael W. 2002 Early Complex Society in Pacific Guatemala: Settlements and Chronology of the Rio Naranjo, Guatemala. Papers of the New World Archaeological Foundation, Vol. 66. Brigham Young University, Provo.Google Scholar
MacNeish, Richard S., Peterson, Frederick A., and Flannery, Kent V. 1970 The Prehistory of the Tehuacán Valley, Vol. 3: Ceramics. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Neff, Hector 2000 Neutron Activation Analysis for Provenance Determination in Archaeology. In Modern Analytical Methods in Art and Archaeology, edited by Ciliberto, Enrico and Spoto, Guiseppe, pp. 81–134. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Neff, Hector 2014 Pots as Signals: Explaining the Enigma of Long-Distance Ceramic Exchange. In Craft and Science: International Perspectives on Archaeological Ceramics, edited by Martinón-Torres, Marcos, pp. 1–11. Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation, Doha.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L. 1987 Risk and Agricultural Intensification during the Formative Period in the Northern Basin of Mexico. American Anthropologist 89:596–616.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L. 2015 Intensive Agriculture and Early Complex Societies of the Basin of Mexico: The Formative Period. Ancient Mesoamerica 26:407–421.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L., Elson, Christina, Cecil, Leslie G., Neivens de Estrada, Nina, Glascock, Michael D., and Mikkelsen, Paula 2009 Chiconautla, Mexico: A Crossroads of Aztec Trade and Politics. Latin American Antiquity 20:443–472.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L., Brumfiel, Elizabeth M., Neff, Hector, Hodge, Mary, Charlton, Thomas H., and Glascock, Michael D. 2002 Neutrons, Markets, Cities, and Empires: A 1000-Year Perspective on Ceramic Production and Distribution in the Postclassic Basin of Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 21:25–82.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L., Neff, Hector, and Cowgill, George L. 2013 Cerro Portezuelo: State Formation and Hinterlands in the Prehispanic Basin of Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 24:47–71.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L., and Stoner, Wesley D. 2019 Before Teotihuacan: Altica, Exchange, Interactions, and the Origins of Complex Society in the Northeast Basin of Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:369–382.Google Scholar
Niederberger, Christine 1976 Zohapilco: Cinco milenios de ocupación humana en un sito lacustre de la cuenca de México. Colección Científica Arqueología, Vol. 30. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Niederberger, Christine 2000 Ranked Societies, Iconographic Complexity, and Economic Wealth in the Basin of Mexico toward 1200 B.C. In Olmec Art and Archaeology in Mesoamerica, edited by Clark, John E. and Pye, Mary E., pp. 169–189. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ochoa Castillo, Patricia 2005 La cerámica del formativo en la cuenca de México. In La producción alfarera en el México antiguo, Vol. I, edited by Carrión, Beatriz Leonor Merino and Cook, Ángel García, pp. 523–574. Colección Científica, Serie Arqueología. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Paillés Hernández, María de la Cruz 2007 Las Bocas, Puebla, Archaeological Project. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Clearwater.Google Scholar
Paillés Hernández, María de la Cruz 2008 Las Bocas, Puebla: una aldea preclásica en el altiplano central de México. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Paradis, Louise 2017 Early Horizon Materials in the Greater Basin of Mexico and Guerrero. In The Early Olmec and Mesoamerica: The Material Record, edited by Blomster, Jeffrey P. and Cheetham, David, pp. 119–147. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Peelo, Sarah 2011 Pottery Making in Spanish California: Creating Multi-Scalar Social Identity through Daily Practice. American Antiquity 76:642–666.Google Scholar
Pires-Ferreira, Jane W. 1975 Formative Mesoamerican Exchange Networks with Special Reference to the Valley of Oaxaca. Memoirs of The Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 7. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Plunket, Patricia, and Uruñuela, Gabriela 2012 Where East Meets West: The Formative in Mexico's Central Highlands. Journal of Archaeological Research 20:1–51.Google Scholar
Pool, Christopher A. 2007 Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. Cambridge World Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Pool, Christopher A., Ceballos, Ponciano Ortíz, del Carmen Rodríguez, María, Sears, Erin L., Bishop, Ronald L., and Blackman, James M. 2017 An Early Olmec Manifestation in Western Olman: The Arroyo Phase at Tres Zapotes. In The Early Olmec and Mesoamerica: The Material Record, edited by Blomster, Jeffrey P. and Cheetham, David, pp. 89–118. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Price, T. Douglas, Burton, James H., Fullagar, Paul D., Wright, Lori E., and Buikstra, Jane E. 2008 Strontium Isotopes and the Study of Human Mobility in Ancient Mesoamerica. Latin American Antiquity 19:167–180.Google Scholar
Ramírez, Felipe, Gámez, Lorena, and González, Fernán 2000 Cerámica de Temamatla. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Rattray, Evelyn 1990 New Findings on the Origins of Thin Orange Ceramics. Ancient Mesoamerica 1:181–195.Google Scholar
Rattray, Evelyn C., and Harbottle, Garman 1992 Neutron Activation Analysis and Numerical Taxonomy of Thin Orange Ceramics from the Manufacturing Sites of Río Carnero, Puebla, Mexico. In Chemical Characterization of Ceramic Pastes in Archaeology, edited by Neff, Hector, pp. 221–231. Prehistory Press, Madison.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, María del Carmen, and Ceballos, Ponciano Ortíz 1997 Olmec Ritual and Sacred Geography at Manatí. In Olmec to Aztec: Settlement Patterns in the Ancient Gulf Lowlands, edited by Stark, Barbara L. and Arnold III, Philip J., pp. 68–95. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Rosenswig, Robert M. 2010 The Beginnings of Mesoamerican Civilization: Inter-Regional Interaction and the Olmec. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Rosenswig, Robert M. 2016 3.2. Olmec Globalization: A Mesoamerican Archipelago of Complexity. In Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization, edited by Hodos, Tamar, pp. 177–193. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar
Rosenswig, Robert M., VanDerwarker, Amber, Culleton, Brendan J., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2015 Is it Agriculture Yet? Intensified Maize-Use at 1000 cal BC in the Soconusco and Mesoamerica. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 40:89–108.Google Scholar
Roux, Valentine 2017 Ceramic Manufacture: The Chaine Operatoire Approach. In The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Ceramic Analysis, edited by Hunt, Alice, pp. 101–113. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sanders, William T., West, Michael, Fletcher, Charles, and Marino, J. 1975 The Teotihuacan Valley Project, Volume 2. The Formative Period Occupation of the Valley (2 Parts). Pennsylvania State University, State College.Google Scholar
Schaaf, Peter, Solís, Gabriela, Manzanilla, Linda, Hernández, Teodoro, Lailson, Becket, and Horn, Peter 2015 Isótopos de estroncio aplicados a estudios de migración humana en el centro de barrio de Teopancazco, Teotihuacan. In Estudios arqueométricos del centro de barrio de Teopancazco en Teotihuacan, edited by Manzanilla, Linda, pp. 425–448. Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Coordinación de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Schiffer, Michael B., and Skibo, James M. 1997 The Explanation of Artifact Variability. American Antiquity 62:27–50.Google Scholar
Puche, Serra, Carmen, Mari, Arce, Jesús Carlos Lazcano, and Mendoza, Manuel de la Torre 2004 Cerámica de Xochitécatl. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, UNAM, Mexico City. Elecronic document, http://ru.iia.unam.mx:8080/bitstream/10684/74/1/277.pdf, accessed June 2018.Google Scholar
Shennan, Stephen 1994 Cultural Transmission and Culture Change. In Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: A Reader, edited by Preucel, Robert W. and Hodder, Ian, pp. 282–296. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.Google Scholar
Sillar, Bill, and Tite, Michael S. 2000 The Challenge of ‘Technological Choices’ for Materials Science Approaches in Archaeology. Archaeometry 42:2–20.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E., and Montiel, Lisa 2001 The Archaeological Study of Empires and Imperialism in Pre-Hispanic Central Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20:245–84.Google Scholar
Spencer, Charles S., and Redmond, Elsa M. 2001 Multilevel Selection and Political Evolution in the Valley of Oaxaca. 500–100 b.c. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20:195–229.Google Scholar
StarkBarbara, L. Barbara, L. 2007 Out of Olmec. In The Political Economy of Ancient Mesoamerica: Transformations during the Formative and Classic Periods, edited by Scarborough, Vernon L. and Clark, John E., pp. 47–64. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
StarkBarbara, L. Barbara, L. 2017 Figuring Out the Early Olmec Era. In The Early Olmec and Mesoamerica: The Material Record, edited by Blomster, Jeffrey P. and Cheetham, David, pp. 288–312. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Stark, Barbara L., Boxt, Matthew A., Gasco, Janine, Lauck, Rebecca B. González, Balkin, Jessica D. Hedgepeth, Joyce, Arthur A., King, Stacie M., Knight, Charles L.F., Kruger, Robert, Levine, Marc N., Lesure, Richard G., Mendelsohn, Rebecca, Navarro-Castillo, Marx, Neff, Hector, Ohnersorgen, Michael, Pool, Christopher A., Raab, L. Mark, Rosenswig, Robert M., Venter, Marcie, Voorhies, Barbara, Williams, David T., and Workinger, Andrew 2016 Economic Growth in Mesoamerica: Obsidian Consumption in the Coastal Lowlands. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 41:263–282.Google Scholar
Stark, Miriam T., Bowser, Brenda J., and Horne, Lee 2008 Why Breaking Down Boundaries Matters for Archaeological Research on Learning and Cultural Transmission: An Introduction. In Cultural Transmission and Material Culture: Breaking Down Boundaries, edited by Stark, Miriam T., Bowser, Brenda J., and Horne, Lee, pp. 1–16. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Stark, Miriam T., Bishop, Ronald L., and Miksa, Elizabeth J. 2000 Ceramic Technology and Social Boundaries: Cultural Practices in Kalinga Clay Selection and Use. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 7:295–331.Google Scholar
Stoner, Wesley D. 2016 The Analytical Nexus of Ceramic Paste Composition Studies: A Comparison of NAA, LA-ICP-MS, and Petrography in the Prehispanic Basin of Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 76:31–47.Google Scholar
Stoner, Wesley D., and Nichols, Deborah L. 2019 The Altica Project: Reframing the Formative Basin of Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:247–265.Google Scholar
Stoner, Wesley D., Nichols, Deborah L., Alex, Bridgett A., and Crider, Destiny L. 2015 The Emergence of Early-Middle Formative Exchange Patterns in Mesoamerica: A View from Altica in the Teotihuacan Valley. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 39:19–35.Google Scholar
Storey, Rebecca, Buckley, Gina M., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2019 A Glimpse of the People of Altica: Osteological and Isotopic/Radiocarbon Analysis. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:355–368.Google Scholar
Sugiura, Yoko 2005 Y atrás quedó la Ciudad de los Dioses: Historia de los asentamientos en el valle de Toluca. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Tolstoy, Paul 1978 Western Mesoamerica Before a.d. 900. In Chronologies in New World Archaeology, edited by Taylor, R. E. and Meighan, Clement W., pp. 241–284. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Tolstoy, Paul 1989 Coapexco and Tlatilco: Sites with Olmec Materials in the Basin of Mexico. In Regional Perspectives on the Olmec, edited by Diehl, Richard A., pp. 85–121. Cambridge University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Tolstoy, Paul, Fish, Suzanne, Boksenbaum, Martin, Vaughn, Kathryn Blair, and Smith, Carol 1977 Early Sedentary Communities of the Basin of Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 4:91–106.Google Scholar
Willey, Gordon R. 1991 Horizonal Integration and Regional Diversity: An Alternating Process in the Rise of Civilizations. American Antiquity 56:197–215.Google Scholar
Worth, Jonathan E. 2017 Disentangling Communities of Practice from Communities of Identity in Southeastern North America. In Forging Southeastern Identities: Social Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and Folklore of the Mississippian to Early Historic South, edited by Waselkov, Gregory A. and Smith, Marvin T., pp. 117–156. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar