In introductory international relations courses, we were onceaccustomed to contrast three alternative approaches: realism,liberalism, and Marxism. The collapse of the Soviet Unionand the proclaimed triumph of liberal politicoeconomic ideashas led to a deemphasis on the third paradigm or, in somecases, its substitution by constructivism. But, contrary toFukuyama, history has not quite ended. Neo-Marxist inter-pretations of international relations persist, and new andinteresting ones continue to emerge. The latest entry,Boswell and Chase-Dunn's new book, is a case in point. Aslong-time and leading contributors to world systems theory,they employ their theoretical interpretation of modern his-tory (the last 500 years) to explain what went wrong withsocialism and how the socialist strategy might still be salvagedin a future world-system (with a hyphen).