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The Timing of Precolumbian Militarization in the U.S. Midwestand Southeast

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Anthony M. Krus
Anthony M. Krus*
Affiliation:
Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK (tony.krus@glasgow.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Bayesian chronological modeling is used to investigate the chronology ofbastioned palisades during the precolumbian period in the Midwestern andSoutheastern United States. Nine precolumbian settlements in the Midwest andSoutheast with bastioned palisades have been subject to scientific dating(Angel Mounds, Annis Village, Aztalan, Cahokia Mounds, Etowah, KincaidMounds, Jonathan Creek, Moundville, and Southwind). Complete radiocarbondatasets from these sites are presented within an interpretative Bayesianstatistical framework. The results provide a glimpse into the history ofMississippi period (A.D. 1000–1700) fortifications with bastions andindicate that the analyzed fortifications were built and maintainedpredominantly in A.D. 1200–1400. This finding suggests a greaterinstitutionalized role for defense and warfare in post-A.D. 1200Mississippian societies. Additionally, modeling results further indicatethat the investigated Mississippian centers continued to maintainfortifications for generations after their construction.

Modelos cronológicos Bayesianos son utilizados para investigar la cronologíade empalizadas con bastiones durante el periodo Precolombino en el mediooeste y el sureste de los Estados Unidos. Nueve asentamientos precolombinosdel medio oeste y el sureste con empalizadas con bastiones han sido fechadoscientíficamente (Angel Mounds, Annis Village, Aztalan, Cahokia Mounds,Etowah, Kincaid Mounds, Jonathan Creek, Moundville y Southwind). Conjuntosde fechados de estos sitios son presentados con un marco de referenciaestadístico Bayesiano. Los resultados proveen una aproximación a la historiadefortificaciones con bastiones del periodo Mississippiano (d.C. 1000–1700)e indica que las fortificaciones analizadas fueron construidas y mantenidaspredominantemente entre d.C. 1200–1400. Este descubrimiento sugiere unainstitucionalización pronunciada para defensa y guerra entre las sociedadesMississippianas después de d.C. 1200. Adicionalmente, los resultados indicanque los centros Mississippianos investigados mantuvieron las fortificacionespor generaciones luego de su construcción.

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American Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 2 , April 2016 , pp. 375 - 388
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Copyright © 2016 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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