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Great Houses, Shrines, and High Places: Intervisibility in theChacoan World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ruth M. Van Dyke ,
R. Kyle Bocinsky ,
Thomas C. Windes  and
Tucker J. Robinson
Ruth M. Van Dyke*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University–SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902
R. Kyle Bocinsky
Affiliation:
Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, 23390 Road K, Cortez, CO 81321 and Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4910 (bocinsky@wsu.edu)
Thomas C. Windes
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 (windes@unm.edu)
Tucker J. Robinson
Affiliation:
Dolores, CO 81323 (tuck.robinson@gmail.com)
*
rvandyke@binghamton.edu
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Abstract

Phenomenological archaeologists and GIS scholars have turned much attentionto visibility—who can see whom, and what can be seen—across ancientlandscapes. Visible connections can be relatively easy to identify, but theypresent challenges to interpretation. Ancient peoples created intervisibleconnections among sites for purposes that included surveillance, defense,symbolism, shared identity, and communication. In the American Southwest,many high places are intervisible by virtue of the elevated topography andthe open skies. The Chaco phenomenon, centered in northwestern New Mexicobetween A.D. 850 and 1140, presents an ideal situation for visibilityresearch. In this study, we use GIS-generated viewsheds and viewnets toinvestigate intervisible connections among great houses, shrines, andrelated features across the Chacoan landscape. We demonstrate that a Chacoanshrine network, likely established during the mid-eleventh century,facilitated intervisibility between outlier communities and Chaco Canyon. Itis most likely that the Chacoans created this network to enable meaningfulconnections for communication and identity. We conclude that the boundariesof the Chaco phenomenon are defined in some sense by intervisibility.

Arqueólogos fenomenológicos y académicos que trabajan con SIG han puesto suatención en la visibilidad—quién puede ver a quién y qué se puede ver—através de antiguos paisajes. Las conexiones visibles pueden serrelativamente fáciles de identificar, pero presentan desafíos a lainterpretación. Los antiguos habitantes crearon conexiones intervisiblesentre los sitios confines que incluyen la vigilancia, defensa, simbolismo,identidad compartida y la comunicación. En el suroeste de Estados Unidos,muchos lugares altos son intervisibles en virtud de su topografía elevada ylos cielos abiertos. El fenómeno del Chaco, centrado en el noroeste de NuevoMéxico entre los años 850–1140 d.C., presenta una situación ideal para lainvestigación de la visibilidad. En este estudio, utilizamos cuencas y redesvisuales generadas mediante SIG para investigar las conexiones intervisiblesentre grandes casas, altares y estructuras relacionadas a través del paisajedel Chaco. Se demuestra que una red de altares de Chaco, probablementeestablecida a mediados del siglo XI d.C., facilitó la intervisibilidad entrelas comunidades atípicas y el Cañón del Chaco. Lo más probable es que loshabitantes del Chaco crearan esta red para permitir conexionessignificativas para la comunicación y la identidad. Concluimos que loslímites del fenómeno Chaco se definen en algún sentido por laintervisibilidad.

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American Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 2 , April 2016 , pp. 205 - 230
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Copyright © 2016 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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