Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-5jtmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-22T20:58:45.581Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some British Research on the Basic Aerodynamics of Powered Lift Systems*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

John Williams
John Williams*
Affiliation:
Low-Speed Tunnels Division, Royal Aircraft Establishment
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary:

The paper mainly discusses recent R.A.E. and N.P.L. research on the aerodynamics of Direct jet lift (turbo-jet and turbo-fan), Propeller lift (tilt-wing and deflected slipstream), Jet flaps, and Boundary layer control (blowing and suction). Some of the work at Firms and Universities is also mentioned where the information has been made available for general circulation. Attention is drawn to the present state of knowledge in relation to V.T.O.L. and S.T.O.L. aircraft applications and to some major aerodynamic problems which need further study.

Information

Type
Rotorcraft Section
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 64 , Issue 595 , July 1960 , pp. 413 - 437
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1960

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

References

Direct jet lift

1.Ashwood, P. F. and Lean, D. (1959). Flight tests of a Meteor aeroplane fitted with jet deflection. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Vol. 62, p. 539. August, 1959.Google Scholar
2. Short Bros, and Harland Limited. Longitudinal stability tests on the S.C.I, vertical take-off aircraft. Unpublished.Google Scholar
3.Wyatt, L. A. (1958). Tests on the loss of vertical jet thrust due to ground effect on two simple V.T.O.L. plan forms, with particular reference to the Short S.C.I, aircraft. R.A.E, Unpublished 1958.Google Scholar
4.Gregory, N. and Walker, W. S. (1958). Measurements of lift and ground interference on a lifting-fan at zero forward speed. N.P.L. Unpublished 1958.Google Scholar
5. BOLTON PAUL AIRCRAFT LIMITED (1958). Aerodynamics of a wing fan system. Effect of ground on the resultant thrust occurring on a fan inset in a rectangular wing. B.P.A. Tech. Note 3, 1958.Google Scholar
6. BOULTON PAUL AIRCRAFT LIMITED (1959). An investigation into the loss of thrust occurring in a wing fan system due to ground effects. B.P.A. Tech. Note 10,1959.Google Scholar
7.Glauert, M. B. (1956). The wall jet. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 1, p. 625, 1956.Google Scholar
8.Bakke, P. (1957). The experimental investigation of a wall jet. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 2, p. 467, July 1957.Google Scholar
9.Maltby, R. L. and Crisp, W. R. (1959). Model tests on the recirculation of exhaust gas from the lifting engines of the Short S.C.I. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1959.Google Scholar
10.Gregory, N. and Raymer, W. G. (1958-9). Wind-tunnel tests on the Boulton Paul rectangular wing (aspect ratio 2) with lifting-fan. N.P.L., Unpublished, 1958, 1959.Google Scholar
11.Gregory, N. and Raymer, W. G. (1959). Wind-tunnel tests on the effects of the apex fan of a swept wing project for V.T.O.L. with three lifting fans. N.P.L., Unpublished, 1959.Google Scholar
12. Boulton Paul Aircraft Limited (1958). A note on the aerodynamics of a wing-fan system. B.P.A. Tech. Note 2, 1958.Google Scholar
13. BOULTON PAUL AIRCRAFT LIMITED (1958). Aerodynamics of a wing-fan system. Pressure change on a flat surface induced by an annular jet emerging normal to the mainstream. B.P.A. Tech. Note 4,1958.Google Scholar
14.Butler, S. F. J., Williams, J. and Moy, B. A. (1959). Three- component force measurements and flow visualisation on a simple multi-jet rectangular wing model. R. A.E., Unpublished.Google Scholar
15.Gates, S. B. and Griggs, C. F. (1958). An analysis of some V.T.O.L. transition motions. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1958.Google Scholar
16.Gregory, N. (1959). On the representation of fan-wing characteristics in a form suitable for the analysis of transition 10. motions, with results of tests of an aspect ratio 1 wing with fan at 0-354 chord. N.P.L. Unpublished, 1959.Google Scholar
17.Jordinson, R. (1958). Flow in a jet directed normal to the wind. Imp. College Aero Dept. Paper 35, R. & M. 3074, 1958. Google Scholar

Jet flaps

18.Davidson, I. M. (1956). The Jet Flap. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Vol. 60, pp. 25–50, 1956.Google Scholar
19.Stratford, B. S. (1956). Early thoughts on the jet flap. The Aeronautical Quarterly, Vol. 7, pp. 45–59, 1956.Google Scholar
20.Stratford, B. S. (1956). Mixing and the jet flap. The Aero nautical Quarterly, Vol. 7, pp. 85–105, 1956.Google Scholar
21.Dimmock, N. A. (1955-7). An experimental introduction to the jet flap. A.R.C. Current Paper 344, 1955. Some further jet flap experiments. A.R.C. Current Paper 345, 1956. Some early jet-flap experiments, Aeronautical Quarterly, Vol. 8,1957.Google Scholar
22.Williams, J. and Alexander, A. J. (1955-7). Three-dimensional wind-tunnel tests of a 30° jet-flap model. A.R.C. Current Paper 304, 1955. Some exploratory three-dimensional jet-flap experiments. Aeronautical Quarterly, Vol. 8, 1957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Williams, J. and Love, E. M. (1957). Some jet-flap experiments comparing blowing from the trailing-edge, from the knee of a trailing-edge flap, and from the aerofoil nose. N.P.L. Unpublished, 1957.Google Scholar
24.Alexander, A. J. and Williams, J. (1958). Interim note on wind-tunnel experiments on a rectangular-wing jet-flap model of aspect ratio 6. N.P.L., Unpublished, 1958.Google Scholar
25.Wood, M. N. (1959). Further wind-tunnel experiments on a rectangular-wing jet-flap model of aspect ratio 6. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1959.Google Scholar
26.Williams, J. and Alexander, A. J. (1957). Some exploratory jet-flap tests on a 60° delta wing. R. & M. 3138, 1957.Google Scholar
27.Butler, S. F. J. and Guyett, M. B. (1959). Preliminary note on six-component low-speed tunnel tests of jet-flap complete models with variation of aspect ratio, dihedral and sweepback. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1959.Google Scholar
28.Huggett, D. J. (1957-8). The ground effect on the jet-flap in two-dimensions. Southampton Univ. Unpublished, 1957,1958.Google Scholar
29.Maskell, , E. C. (1959). The interference on a three-dimensional jet-flap wing in a closed wind-tunnel. R.A.E., Un published, 1959.Google Scholar
30.Woods, L. C. (1953). Some contributions to jet-flap theory and to the theory of source flow from aerofoils. A.R.C. Current Paper 388, 1953.Google Scholar
31.Maskell, E. C. and Gates, S. B. (1955). Preliminary analysis for a jet-flap system in two-dimensional inviscid flow. A.R.C. Current Paper 359, 1955.Google Scholar
32.Spence, D. A. (1956). The lift-coefficient of a thin, jet-flapped wing. Proc. Roy. Soc., Vol. 238, pp. 46-68, 1956.Google Scholar
33.Spence, D. A. (1958). The lift on a thin aerofoil with a jet- augmented flap. Aeronautical Quarterly, Vol. 9, 1958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Maskell, E. C. and Spence, D. A. (1959). A theory of the jet-flap in three dimensions. Proc. Roy. Soc. A, Vol. 251, pp. 407–425, 1959.Google Scholar
35.Kuchemann, D. (1956). A method of calculating the pressure distribution over jet-flapped wings. R. & M. 3036, 1956.Google Scholar
36.Ross, A. J. (1958). The theoretical evaluation of the downwash behind jet-flapped wings. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1958.Google Scholar
37.Thomas, H. H. B. M. and Ross, A. J. (1958). The calculation of the rotary lateral stability derivatives of a jet-flapped wing. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1958.Google Scholar
38.Taylor, A. S. (1958). An examination of some of the longitudinal stability and control problems of jet-flap aircraft with particular reference to the use of jet thrust and jet-flap deflection control. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1958.Google Scholar
39.Huggett, D. J. (1958). An approach to the theoretical study of the ground effect on a jet-flap. Southampton University, Unpublished, 1958.Google Scholar
40.Hancock, G. J. (1958). The ground effect on a two-dimensional jet-flapped aerofoil. Queen Mary College, London, Unpublished, 1958.Google Scholar
41.Williams, J. (1958). British research on the jet-flap scheme. Z.F.W. (Germany), Vol. 6, pp. 170–176, 1958. Google Scholar

Boundary layer control

42.Pankhurst, R. C. (1955). Some recent work on methods of boundary-layer control. N.P.L. Symposium on boundary-layer effects in aerodynamics, 1955.Google Scholar
43.Williams, J. (1958). British research on blowing for high lift. Z.F.W. (Germany), Vol. 6, p. 143, 1958.Google Scholar
44.Williams, J. (1958). Boundary-layer control for high lift at low speeds. R. Ae. S. Lecture, 1958.Google Scholar
45.Williams, J. (1954). An analysis of aerodynamic data on blowing over trailing-edge flaps for increasing lift. A.R.C. Current Paper 209, 1954.Google Scholar
46.Williams, J. and Alexander, A. J. Pressure-plotting measurements on an 8 per cent thick aerofoil with trailing-edge flap blowing. R. & M. 3087.Google Scholar
47.Williams, J. and Alexander, A. J. (1957). Wind-tunnel investigation of trailing-edge flap blowing on a 5 per cent thick 60° delta wing. N.P.L., Unpublished, 1957.Google Scholar
48.Butler, S. F. J. and Guyett, M. B. (1957). Low speed wind- tunnel tests on the de Havilland Sea Venom with blowing over the flaps. R. & M. 3129, 1957.Google Scholar
49.Anscombe, A., Butler, S. F. J. and GUYETT, M. B., (1959). Low speed wind-tunnel tests on the Vickers Supermarine N.1 13 (Scimitar) with blowing over flaps. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1959.Google Scholar
50.Butler, S. F. J. and Guyett, M. B. (1959). Low speed wind- tunnel tests on the Saunders-Roe P. 177 with blowing over the trailing-edge flaps and ailerons. R.A.E., Unpublished, 1959.Google Scholar
51. Low-speed wind-tunnel tests on a 2/11th scale half-model of the D.H.I 10 with supersonic blowing over trailing-edge flaps. Unpublished de Havilland W.T. Reports.Google Scholar
52. Low-speed wind-tunnel tests with high-pressure blowing over T.E. flaps, ailerons and the wing nose on a l/5th scale model of the Blackburn N.A.39 (B.103) aircraft. Unpublished Blackburn Aircraft Limited and R.A.E. Papers.Google Scholar
53.Hay, A. J. and Egginton, W. J. (1956). An exact theory of a thin aerofoil with large flap deflection. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Vol. 60, p. 753, 1956.Google Scholar
54. Practical work on “flap blowing”, de Havilland Gazette, No. 93, p. 80, 1956.Google Scholar
55. Blown flaps by Supermarine. The Aeroplane, p. 86, 18th January 1957.Google Scholar
56. Blackburn Aircraft: the N.A. 39. Flight, 1st May, p. 602,1959.Google Scholar
57.Lean, D., and Eaton, R. (1957). The influence of drag characteristics on the choice of landing approach speeds. A.G.A.R.D. Report 122, 1957.Google Scholar

General

58.Squire, H. B., (1950). Jet flow and its effects on aircraft. Aircraft Eng., Vol. 22, p. 62, 1950.Google Scholar
59.Nicholson, L. F. (1957). Engine airframe integration. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, vol.61, p. 711,1957.Google Scholar
60.Anscombe, A. and Williams, J. (1957). Some comments on high-lift testing in wind-tunnels with particular reference to jet-blowing models. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, Vol. 61, p. 529, 1957.Google Scholar
61.Butler, S. F. J. and Williams, J. (1959). Further comments on high-lift testing in wind-tunnels with particular reference to jet- blowing models. To be published in The Aeronautical Quarterly.Google Scholar
62.Smith, W. J. and Simpson, C. J. (1957). A preliminary investigation of the effect of a thin high-velocity tip jet on a low aspect ratio wing. A.R.L. (Aus.) Ae. Note 163, 1957.Google Scholar
63.Ayers, R. F. and Wilde, M. R. (1957). An experimental investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a low aspect ratio swept wing with blowing in a spanwise direction from the tips. C. of A. Note 57, 1957.Google Scholar
64.Trebble, W. J. G. (1957). Low-speed wind-tunnel tests with blowing from the leading-edge of a delta wing with 70° sweep- back. R.A.E. Unpublished, 1957.Google Scholar
65.Munro, N. J. (1956). Low-speed wind-tunnel experiments on a low aspect ratio wing blowing air from tubes extending spanwise from the wing tip. A.R.L. (Aus.) Note A. 151, 1956.Google Scholar
66.Munro, N. J. (1957). A method of increasing low-speed lift on aircraft of small aspect ratio by blowing air from tubes extending spanwise from the wing tip. A.R.L. (Aus.) Report A. 104, 1957.Google Scholar
67.Crewe, P. R. and Egginton, W. J. (1959). The Hovercraft— a new concept in maritime transport. Lecture Preprint, R. Inst, of Naval Architects; November 1959.Google Scholar