Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-p5m67 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-31T03:56:42.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychopharmacology and people with learning disability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Bill Fraser
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

“These medications (antipsychotic drugs) were originally developed to treat not the mentally handicapped but the mentally ill; those, for example, with schizophrenia, paranoia and other specific conditions, but now the far wider use of these drugs has been challenged because there is evidence that they can produce serious side-effects in addition to the distress already suffered. Future changes in the use of antipsychotic drugs in the UK may come from the Royal College of Psychiatrists or from action in the Law Courts” (Public Eye, BBC2, 1.5.92).

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in Psychiatric Treatment , Volume 5 , Issue 6 , November 1999 , pp. 471 - 477
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 1999 

References

Ahmed, Z., Fraser, W., Kerr, M. et al (1999) The effects of reducing antipsychotic medication in people with a learning disability. British Journal Psychiatry, in press.Google Scholar
Aman, M. G., Singh, N. N., Stewart, A. W. et al (1985) The aberrant behavior checklist: a behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 485–491.Google ScholarPubMed
Bishop, A. (1992) Empirical approach to psychopharmacology for institutionalized individuals with severe or profound retardation. Mental Retardation, 30, 283–288.Google ScholarPubMed
Boyd, R. D. (1993) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and mental retardation. Review and analysis of 29 cases. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 143–155.Google ScholarPubMed
Branford, D., Bhaumik, S. & Naik, B. (1998) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors for the treatment of perseverative and maladaptive behaviours of people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 42, 301–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brylewski, J. & Duggan, L. (1998) Antipsychotic Medication for Challenging Behaviour in People with Learning Disability. The Cochrane Library. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
Buzan, R. D., Thomas, M., Duborsky, S. L. et al (1995) The use of opiate antagonists for treatment of self injurious behaviour. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 7, 437–444.Google Scholar
Buzan, R. D., Dubovsky, S. L., Firestone, D. et al (1998) Use of clozapine in 10 mentally retarded adults. Journal of Neuropsy and Clinical Neurosciences, 10, 93–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, D. J., Kelley, S., Thinn, K. et al (1990) Psychotropic drugs and mental retardation: 1. Disabilities and the prescription of drugs for behaviour and for epilepsy in three residential settings. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 34, 385–395.Google ScholarPubMed
Davis, J. P., Judd, F. K. & Herrman, H. (1997) Depression in adults with intellectual disability. Part 1: A review. Part 2: A pilot study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 232–242; 243–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deb, S. & Fraser, W. (1994) The use of psychotropic medication in people with learning disability. Towards rational prescribing. Human Psychopharmacology, 9, 219–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duggan, L. & Brylewski, J. (1999) Effectiveness of antipsychotic medication in people with intellectual disability and schizophrenia. A systematic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43, 94–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Einfeld, S.L. (1990) Guidelines for the use of psychotropic reduction in individuals with developmental disorders and development disabilities. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disability, 161, 71–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guy, W. (1976) ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Revised DHEW Pub. (ADM). Rockville, MD: National Institute for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Healy, D. & Nutt, D. (1998) Prescriptions, licences and evidence. Psychiatric Bulletin, 22, 680–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishnani, P. S., Sullivan, J. A., Walter, B. K. et al (1999) Cholinergic therapy for Down's syndrome. Lancet, 353, 1064–1065.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, M., Bodfish, J., Powell, S. et al (1995) Clomipramine treatment for stereotyped and repetitive movement disorders association with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 100, 299–312.Google ScholarPubMed
Markowitz, P. (1992) Effect of fluoxetine on self-injurious behavior in the developmentally disabled: a preliminary study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matson, J. (1988) The Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults. Illnois: International Diagnostic Systems.Google Scholar
McDougle, C. J., Holmes, J. P., Carlson, D. et al (1988) A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone in adults with autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 633–641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, S. C., Ibbotson, B. & Prosser, H. (1994) The Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disability (The PAS–ADD); Interview Development and Compilation of the Clinical Glossary. Manchester: Hester Adrian Research Centre, University of Manchester.Google Scholar
Moss, S. C., Patel, P., Prosser, H. et al (1997) Psychiatric morbidity in older people with moderate and severe learning disability 1: Development and reliability of the patient interview (PAS–ADD). British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 471–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, R., Ferrier, N. & Ashton, H. (1999) Anticonvulsants as mood stabilisers. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 5, 96–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potenza, M. N., Holmes, J. P., Kanes, S. J., et al (1999) Olanzapine treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with pervasive developmental disorders; an open label pilot study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19, 37–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reiss, S. (1988) The Reiss Screen Test Manual Orlando, IL: International Diagnostic Systems.Google Scholar
Sandman, C. A. (1988) B-endorphin disregulation in autistic and self-injurious behaviour: a neurodevelopmental hypothesis. Synapse, 2, 193–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sovner, R., Fox, C. J., Lowry, M. J. et al (1993) Fluoxetine treatment of depression and associated self-injury in two adults with mental retardation. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 37, 301–311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprague, R. L., Kalachnik, J. E., Slaw, K. M. et al (1989) Psychometric properties of the Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale (DISCUS). Mental Retardation, 27, 141–148.Google ScholarPubMed
Spreat, S., Behar, D., Reneski, B. et al (1989) Lithium carbonate for aggression in mentally retarded persons. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 30, 505–511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, C. (1994) The use of high dose antipsychotic medication. Consensus statement. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 448–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Borre, R., Vermote, R., Butiens, M. et al (1993) Risperidone as add-on therapy in behavioural disturbances in mental retardation: a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 87, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (1992) The ICD–10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.