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Accepted manuscript

Association between Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 and Depressive Symptoms: The Moderating Role of Smoking

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2025

Siyuan Li ,
Lingling Chen ,
Mingwei Ma ,
Yueling Hu ,
Fan Wang ,
Xingguang Luo ,
Yu-Hsin Chen ,
Hongke Gao ,
Yulin Ren  and
Weiming Hu
...Show all authors
Siyuan Li
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Lingling Chen
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Mingwei Ma
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Yueling Hu
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Fan Wang
Affiliation:
Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China.
Xingguang Luo
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Yu-Hsin Chen
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Hongke Gao
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Yulin Ren
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Weiming Hu
Affiliation:
The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
Yimin Kang
Affiliation:
Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Wei Wang
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Li Chen
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Xiaokun Li*
Affiliation:
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Yanlong Liu*
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Junnan Wu*
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacy, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China.
*
*Correspondence: Yanlong Liu, benjaminlyl@wmu.edu.cn, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Junnan Wu, wjnbb@wmu.edu.cn, Department of Pharmacy, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China. Xiaokun Li, xiaokunli@wmu.edu.cn, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
*Correspondence: Yanlong Liu, benjaminlyl@wmu.edu.cn, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Junnan Wu, wjnbb@wmu.edu.cn, Department of Pharmacy, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China. Xiaokun Li, xiaokunli@wmu.edu.cn, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
*Correspondence: Yanlong Liu, benjaminlyl@wmu.edu.cn, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China. Junnan Wu, wjnbb@wmu.edu.cn, Department of Pharmacy, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China. Xiaokun Li, xiaokunli@wmu.edu.cn, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Abstract

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Objective:

This study aimed to examine the relationship between FGF19 and depressive symptoms, measured by BDI scores and investigate the moderating role of smoking.

Methods:

This study involved 156 Chinese adult males (78 smokers and 78 non-smokers) from September 2014 to January 2016. The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the BDI scores. Spearman rank correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between CSF FGF19 levels and BDI scores. Additionally, moderation and simple slope analyses were applied to assess the moderating effect of smoking on the relationship between the two.

Results:

FGF19 levels were significantly associated with BDI scores across all participants (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Smokers had higher CSF FGF19 levels and BDI scores compared to non-smokers (445.9 ± 272.7 pg/ml vs 229.6 ± 162.7 pg/ml, p < 0.001; 2.7 ± 3.0 vs 1.3 ± 2.4, p < 0.001). CSF FGF19 levels were positively associated with BDI scores in non-smokers (r = 0.27, p = 0.015), but no similar association was found among smokers (r = -0.11, p = 0.32). Linear regression revealed a positive correlation between FGF19 and BDI scores (β = 0.173, t = 2.161, 95% CI: 0.015- 0.331, p < 0.05), which was negatively impacted by smoking (β = -0.873, t = -4.644, 95% CI: -1.244 to -0.501, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

These results highlight the potential role of FGF19 in individuals at risk for presence of or further development of depressive symptoms and underscore the importance of considering smoking status when examining this association.

Keywords

FGF19SmokingBDI scoresCSFDepressive Symptoms

Information

Type
Original Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 25
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology