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Series:   Elements in Ancient and Pre-modern Economies

Reading Creation Myths Economically in Ancient Mesopotamia and Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2025

Eric J. Harvey
Eric J. Harvey
Affiliation:
Stanford University

Summary

Creation myths in the ancient Middle East served, among other things, as works of political economy, justifying and naturalizing materially intensive ritual practices and their entanglements with broader economic processes and institutions. These rituals were organized according to a common ideology of divine service, which portrayed the gods as an aristocratic leisure class whose material needs were provided by human beings. Resources for divine service were extracted from the productive sectors of society and channeled inward to the temple and palace institutions, where they served to satiate the gods and support their human servants. This Element examines various forms of the economics of divine service, and how they were supported in a selection of myths – Atraḫasis, Enki and Ninmaḫ, and Enūma Eliš from Mesopotamia and the story of the Garden of Eden from the southern Levant (Israel).
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Keywords

Hebrew BibleMesopotamian religioncreation mythspolitical economyeconomics of ritual

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Type
Element
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Series: Elements in Ancient and Pre-modern Economies
Online ISBN: 9781009559928
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 31 August 2025

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