Book contents
- Women in the History of Quantum Physics
- Women in the History of Quantum Physics
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Introduction
- 1 The Spectrum of He+ as a Proving Ground for Bohr’s Model of the Atom: A Legacy of Williamina Fleming’s Astrophysical Discovery
- 2 H. Johanna van Leeuwen, the Other Scientist behind the Bohr–Van Leeuwen Theorem
- 3 Hertha Sponer, Maven of Quantum Spectroscopy
- 4 Angular and Career Momentum: What Lucy Mensing Contributed to Physics and Why She Left the Field
- 5 Discouraging Jane: Dewey Among the Lucky Generation of US Physicists
- 6 Laura Chalk and the Stark Effect
- 7 Elizabeth Monroe Boggs: From Quantum Chemistry to the Manhattan Project
- 8 Excelsior! John Wheeler, Katharine Way, and the Role of Women in the Exploration of the Microcosm
- 9 Sonja Ashauer from São Paulo to Cambridge: A Journey to Quantum Electrodynamics
- 10 Untangling Entanglement History: Early Quantum Contributions of Chien-Shiung Wu
- 11 From Quantum Physics to Ethics: Grete Hermann on Heisenberg’s Cut
- 12 Women Take the Lead: A Physics Laboratory Under the Dictatorship in Portugal, 1940s–1960s
- 13 Carolyn Parker’s Electronic Frequencies
- 14 The Chew–Low–Salzman Method and Freda Friedman Salzman: A Physicist Between Nuclear and Social Interactions
- 15 Out of the Ivory Tower: Maria Lluïsa Canut and X-Ray Crystallography
- 16 Ana María Cetto Kramis: Light in Quantum Mechanics and Open Science
- Index
- References
1 - The Spectrum of He+ as a Proving Ground for Bohr’s Model of the Atom: A Legacy of Williamina Fleming’s Astrophysical Discovery
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 July 2025
Book contents
- Women in the History of Quantum Physics
- Women in the History of Quantum Physics
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Introduction
- 1 The Spectrum of He+ as a Proving Ground for Bohr’s Model of the Atom: A Legacy of Williamina Fleming’s Astrophysical Discovery
- 2 H. Johanna van Leeuwen, the Other Scientist behind the Bohr–Van Leeuwen Theorem
- 3 Hertha Sponer, Maven of Quantum Spectroscopy
- 4 Angular and Career Momentum: What Lucy Mensing Contributed to Physics and Why She Left the Field
- 5 Discouraging Jane: Dewey Among the Lucky Generation of US Physicists
- 6 Laura Chalk and the Stark Effect
- 7 Elizabeth Monroe Boggs: From Quantum Chemistry to the Manhattan Project
- 8 Excelsior! John Wheeler, Katharine Way, and the Role of Women in the Exploration of the Microcosm
- 9 Sonja Ashauer from São Paulo to Cambridge: A Journey to Quantum Electrodynamics
- 10 Untangling Entanglement History: Early Quantum Contributions of Chien-Shiung Wu
- 11 From Quantum Physics to Ethics: Grete Hermann on Heisenberg’s Cut
- 12 Women Take the Lead: A Physics Laboratory Under the Dictatorship in Portugal, 1940s–1960s
- 13 Carolyn Parker’s Electronic Frequencies
- 14 The Chew–Low–Salzman Method and Freda Friedman Salzman: A Physicist Between Nuclear and Social Interactions
- 15 Out of the Ivory Tower: Maria Lluïsa Canut and X-Ray Crystallography
- 16 Ana María Cetto Kramis: Light in Quantum Mechanics and Open Science
- Index
- References
Summary
In 1896, Edward Charles Pickering, Director of the Harvard College Observatory (HCO), reported in a trio of publications on the observation of “peculiar spectra” of the southern star ζ Puppis, which he attributed to an “element not yet found in other stars or on earth.” Supported by laboratory spectra obtained by Alfred Fowler, Niels Bohr showed in 1913 that this “element” was ionized helium. Its spectrum has become known as the Pickering series, even though Pickering credited Williamina Fleming (1857−1911), one of HCO’s “computers” and the future curator of the Astronomical Photographic Glass Plate Collection, for the discovery. The series of spectral lines associated with Pickering’s name played a unique role on the path to quantum mechanics,serving as a proving ground for Bohr’s model of the atom. Our examination of the discovery of the Pickering series relied on the records held at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, especially the notebooks and diaries of Fleming, and on the center’s glass plate collection. Glimpses of the “peculiar sociology” of a research institution, half of whose staff were women employed on grossly unequal terms with men, are also given.
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- Women in the History of Quantum PhysicsBeyond <i>Knabenphysik</i>, pp. 19 - 55Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025
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