Those from affluent backgrounds are often said to not be burdened by ‘place’ in the same way poorer groups are often thought of as. People often think of them as less tied down to places, more open to travelling or moving around to ‘get ahead’. They will go where opportunities take them and have no sentiments or sense of obligation towards specific places in the world.

Sometimes people embrace the idea that they are not rooted down to a place forever more, but are ‘global citizens’, open to difference and culturally aware; able to move from country to country with ease, ‘swimming like fish in water’ (as Bourdieu referred to middle classes in education). People often proudly declare themselves ‘citizens of the world’. Later in this book, this idea will be exposed as false, vacuous and little more than virtue- signalling.

It is these so- called ‘citizens of the world’, embodiments of globalising economic forces, who many blame for the disenchantment felt in places within countries that have not benefited from globalisation. In the UK, during the aftermath of the referendum on whether to leave the European Union, the newly elected Prime Minister Theresa May, took aim at ‘citizens of the world’, criticising them for what she saw as the lack of a sense of obligation towards the plight of local people and places in their pursuit of wealth creation.