Adults’ Knowledge, attitudes and willingness for Organ Donation in the Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Exploration

Background: Organ donation is a critical global health concern, with disparities in knowledge, attitudes, and willingness (KAW) observed across different populations. Understanding these factors in specific contexts is essential for improving donation rates. Objective: This study explored the correlations between levels of KAW toward organ donation and demographic variables among adults in the Yemen. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational design was employed. A convenience sample of 507 participants from seven Governorates completed a self-administered questionnaire measuring KAW using a validated bilingual scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression analysis, via SPSS version 28. Results: Participants demonstrated moderate knowledge levels (mean = 4.21), with 52.5% expressing willingness to donate. Knowledge scores were higher among females, participants with higher education, and those from Sana'a. Logistic regression showed no significant predictive relationship between knowledge (OR = 0.992, p = 0.35) or attitude (OR = 1.07, p = 0.11) and willingness to donate. Socio-demographic factors, including education, gender, income, and religion, significantly influenced KAW scores. Misconceptions about brain death and religious permissibility persisted among many respondents. Conclusions: This study highlights the complex interplay between KAW and socio-demographic factors in the Yemen. Moderate willingness to donate, with no significant predictive power of knowledge or attitudes, underscores the dominant role of cultural and religious factors. Targeted education, culturally tailored outreach, and policy reforms are crucial to dispel misconceptions and enhance organ donation acceptance in the Yemen.